Powder and granule process refers to the operation of the process materials in the form of powders and granules and their physical changes, including granulation, pulverization, grading, dust removal, filtration, sedimentation, centrifugation, drying, crystallization. The process of mixing, conveying, feeding, packaging, etc., the device is called a process processing device.
Powder granulation technology is the main branch of Zui treated by the powder and granule process. With the environmental protection demand and the automation of the production process, the granulation of powdery products has become an inevitable trend of the world powder aftertreatment technology.
China's powder technology and equipment research began in the mid-1980s, and the former Institute of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, the Institute of Powder Engineering, Zui, conducted a special system research. After years of efforts, China's powder granulation technology has a certain level, and the equipment scale can basically meet the requirements of granule granulation. The existing powder processing technology can be divided into four categories.
Stirring method Agglomeration is a method in which a liquid or a binder is infiltrated into a solid fine powder and appropriately stirred, so that the liquid and the solid fine powder are in close contact with each other to form a cohesive force to form agglomerates. The usual agitation method of zui is accomplished by turning, rolling, and curtain drooping motion when the disc, cone or cylindrical drum is rotated. According to the molding method, it can be divided into rolling pellets, mixed pellets and powder into clusters. Typical equipment includes granulation drum, swash plate granulator, cone drum granulator, pan granulator, drum granulator, kneader, drum mixer, powder blender (hammer, vertical shaft) , belt type), falling granule machine, etc.
The advantage of the stirring method is that the molding equipment has a simple structure and a large single machine output, and the formed particles are easy to dissolve quickly and have strong wet permeability. The disadvantage is that the uniformity of the particles is not good, and the formed particles have low strength. At present, the single-machine processing capacity of such equipment can reach 500 tons/hour, and the particle diameter can be as large as 600 mm. It is suitable for mining, fertilizer, fine chemicals, food and other fields.
Pressure Forming Method This method is to limit the powder material to be granulated into a specific space and press it into a compact state by applying an external force. The pressure forming method can be further divided into a molding method and an extrusion method depending on the physical system to which the external force is applied.
Typical molding equipment includes heavy-duty briquetting presses, bench presses, concrete block presses, brick presses, heavy-duty machine presses, and the like. The advantage is that a large agglomerate can be manufactured, and the material produced has considerable mechanical strength. The disadvantage is that the applicable range of the device is small, and it is difficult to demold the material. This type of equipment is mostly used in construction, pharmaceutical and other fields.
Extrusion method is the main method of granulation by pressure forming method in China's powder industry. Extrusion granulation equipment can be divided into vacuum pressure bar granulator, single (double) screw extrusion granulator, model punching machine, plunger extruder, roller extruder, counter roller according to working principle and structure. Gear granulator, etc. This type of equipment can be widely used in petrochemical, organic chemicals, fine chemicals, medicine, food, feed, fertilizer and other fields. The method has the advantages of strong adaptability, large yield, uniform particle size, good particle strength and high granulation rate.
The DLJ series pulverizing granulator developed on the basis of single-screw granulator can solve the problem of crushing of colloidal materials well, and can be widely applied to the decomposing of high molecular weight polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate and other materials. Granules broaden the range of applications for extrusion granulation.
For granulation of materials requiring special shape particles (such as ring, clover, porous, etc.), a plunger extruder is generally used. At present, the research on plunger extruder in China has been perfected. The diameter of the plunger is in the range of 50-250 mm, the diameter of the particle is in the range of 2-20 mm, and the particle shape can be more than 20 kinds.
Spray and Dispersion Mist This method is to make the liquid or semi-liquid phase material in a highly dispersed state directly into solid particles in a specific equipment. Such granulating equipments include spray drying towers, spray dryers, granulation towers, spouted beds and fluidized bed dryers, and air transport dryers. The common feature of this spray and dispersive mist granulation method is that the liquid feed must be pumpable and dispersible; the granulation process should normally be continuous, automated and large scale operations; the granulation system must be designed The energy can be recycled or recycled to solve the wear and powder entrainment of the material; the product size is generally limited to less than 5 mm. The advantage of this type of equipment is that the granulation process and the drying process of the material are carried out simultaneously. The equipment can be widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical, mining and ceramic industries. The disadvantage is that the particle strength is low and the particle size is small. At present, the diameter of particles prepared by such equipment can be as small as 50-500 microns, or even smaller, and the yield can be more than 30 tons/hour (such as urea granulation tower, etc.)
Hot melt forming method The hot melt forming method utilizes the low melting point characteristic of the product (generally lower than 300 ° C), and the molten material is condensed and crystallized into the desired sheet, strip, block, hemisphere by special condensation method. Shape and other shapes. According to the working principle of the forming equipment, it can be mainly divided into a drum forming machine and a rotary cold belt falling forming device.
The drum die is a cooling crystallization process. The molten liquid in the tray contacts the cooled drum, forming a film on the surface of the drum, and through the heat exchange between the film and the drum wall, the film is cooled, crystallized and crystallized. The film of the film is scraped off by a doctor blade to form a sheet product. The drum filming machine has the advantages of compact equipment, high drum precision, good cooling effect, wide application range, and can be used for both sheeting and drying. It can be widely used in polymer products such as petroleum resin and polyethylene oligomer. Production of organic chemical products such as phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride and higher aliphatic alcohol. The application of the drum filming machine in China's powder industry has been more common and the technology is more mature.
The rotary cold belt die-casting device adopts thin steel strip heat transfer and atomized spray cooling, has good heat transfer effect, high cooling efficiency, fast material solidification molding, wide application range of materials, and can produce hemispherical, strip-shaped, block-shaped, A variety of shapes such as flakes. The utility model adopts the double speed control driving device of the cloth device and the steel belt, can be adjusted according to the production capacity and the physical property parameter, and is easy to realize automatic control; the whole production process has no pollution, the product purity is high, no impurities are brought in, and the continuous operation is easy; The reversing bending at the discharge end separates the bonding layer from the bonding surface of the steel strip, so that the powdering is less during discharge, the discharge is easy, and the particle shape is easy to maintain.
At present, there are four or five units engaged in the design, research and manufacture of rotary cold belt die-casting devices in China, most of which are developed from the internal spinning fabric system independently developed by the Powder Engineering Research Institute of the former Ministry of Chemical Industry. This technology and equipment has been industrialized and applied in China more than 100 sets, and has obtained a number of invention patents, and the technology is close to the international advanced level.
Powder granulation technology is the main branch of Zui treated by the powder and granule process. With the environmental protection demand and the automation of the production process, the granulation of powdery products has become an inevitable trend of the world powder aftertreatment technology.
China's powder technology and equipment research began in the mid-1980s, and the former Institute of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Engineering, the Institute of Powder Engineering, Zui, conducted a special system research. After years of efforts, China's powder granulation technology has a certain level, and the equipment scale can basically meet the requirements of granule granulation. The existing powder processing technology can be divided into four categories.
Stirring method Agglomeration is a method in which a liquid or a binder is infiltrated into a solid fine powder and appropriately stirred, so that the liquid and the solid fine powder are in close contact with each other to form a cohesive force to form agglomerates. The usual agitation method of zui is accomplished by turning, rolling, and curtain drooping motion when the disc, cone or cylindrical drum is rotated. According to the molding method, it can be divided into rolling pellets, mixed pellets and powder into clusters. Typical equipment includes granulation drum, swash plate granulator, cone drum granulator, pan granulator, drum granulator, kneader, drum mixer, powder blender (hammer, vertical shaft) , belt type), falling granule machine, etc.
The advantage of the stirring method is that the molding equipment has a simple structure and a large single machine output, and the formed particles are easy to dissolve quickly and have strong wet permeability. The disadvantage is that the uniformity of the particles is not good, and the formed particles have low strength. At present, the single-machine processing capacity of such equipment can reach 500 tons/hour, and the particle diameter can be as large as 600 mm. It is suitable for mining, fertilizer, fine chemicals, food and other fields.
Pressure Forming Method This method is to limit the powder material to be granulated into a specific space and press it into a compact state by applying an external force. The pressure forming method can be further divided into a molding method and an extrusion method depending on the physical system to which the external force is applied.
Typical molding equipment includes heavy-duty briquetting presses, bench presses, concrete block presses, brick presses, heavy-duty machine presses, and the like. The advantage is that a large agglomerate can be manufactured, and the material produced has considerable mechanical strength. The disadvantage is that the applicable range of the device is small, and it is difficult to demold the material. This type of equipment is mostly used in construction, pharmaceutical and other fields.
Extrusion method is the main method of granulation by pressure forming method in China's powder industry. Extrusion granulation equipment can be divided into vacuum pressure bar granulator, single (double) screw extrusion granulator, model punching machine, plunger extruder, roller extruder, counter roller according to working principle and structure. Gear granulator, etc. This type of equipment can be widely used in petrochemical, organic chemicals, fine chemicals, medicine, food, feed, fertilizer and other fields. The method has the advantages of strong adaptability, large yield, uniform particle size, good particle strength and high granulation rate.
The DLJ series pulverizing granulator developed on the basis of single-screw granulator can solve the problem of crushing of colloidal materials well, and can be widely applied to the decomposing of high molecular weight polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate and other materials. Granules broaden the range of applications for extrusion granulation.
For granulation of materials requiring special shape particles (such as ring, clover, porous, etc.), a plunger extruder is generally used. At present, the research on plunger extruder in China has been perfected. The diameter of the plunger is in the range of 50-250 mm, the diameter of the particle is in the range of 2-20 mm, and the particle shape can be more than 20 kinds.
Spray and Dispersion Mist This method is to make the liquid or semi-liquid phase material in a highly dispersed state directly into solid particles in a specific equipment. Such granulating equipments include spray drying towers, spray dryers, granulation towers, spouted beds and fluidized bed dryers, and air transport dryers. The common feature of this spray and dispersive mist granulation method is that the liquid feed must be pumpable and dispersible; the granulation process should normally be continuous, automated and large scale operations; the granulation system must be designed The energy can be recycled or recycled to solve the wear and powder entrainment of the material; the product size is generally limited to less than 5 mm. The advantage of this type of equipment is that the granulation process and the drying process of the material are carried out simultaneously. The equipment can be widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, chemical, mining and ceramic industries. The disadvantage is that the particle strength is low and the particle size is small. At present, the diameter of particles prepared by such equipment can be as small as 50-500 microns, or even smaller, and the yield can be more than 30 tons/hour (such as urea granulation tower, etc.)
Hot melt forming method The hot melt forming method utilizes the low melting point characteristic of the product (generally lower than 300 ° C), and the molten material is condensed and crystallized into the desired sheet, strip, block, hemisphere by special condensation method. Shape and other shapes. According to the working principle of the forming equipment, it can be mainly divided into a drum forming machine and a rotary cold belt falling forming device.
The drum die is a cooling crystallization process. The molten liquid in the tray contacts the cooled drum, forming a film on the surface of the drum, and through the heat exchange between the film and the drum wall, the film is cooled, crystallized and crystallized. The film of the film is scraped off by a doctor blade to form a sheet product. The drum filming machine has the advantages of compact equipment, high drum precision, good cooling effect, wide application range, and can be used for both sheeting and drying. It can be widely used in polymer products such as petroleum resin and polyethylene oligomer. Production of organic chemical products such as phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride and higher aliphatic alcohol. The application of the drum filming machine in China's powder industry has been more common and the technology is more mature.
The rotary cold belt die-casting device adopts thin steel strip heat transfer and atomized spray cooling, has good heat transfer effect, high cooling efficiency, fast material solidification molding, wide application range of materials, and can produce hemispherical, strip-shaped, block-shaped, A variety of shapes such as flakes. The utility model adopts the double speed control driving device of the cloth device and the steel belt, can be adjusted according to the production capacity and the physical property parameter, and is easy to realize automatic control; the whole production process has no pollution, the product purity is high, no impurities are brought in, and the continuous operation is easy; The reversing bending at the discharge end separates the bonding layer from the bonding surface of the steel strip, so that the powdering is less during discharge, the discharge is easy, and the particle shape is easy to maintain.
At present, there are four or five units engaged in the design, research and manufacture of rotary cold belt die-casting devices in China, most of which are developed from the internal spinning fabric system independently developed by the Powder Engineering Research Institute of the former Ministry of Chemical Industry. This technology and equipment has been industrialized and applied in China more than 100 sets, and has obtained a number of invention patents, and the technology is close to the international advanced level.
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