Feed nutrient requirement during piglet breeding

The preparation of piglet feed must first consider the digestive physiology of the piglet itself. The growth of the piglet is rapid, the metabolism of the piglets is strong, and the nutrient utilization ability is strong. However, the development of the digestive system is not yet complete, the digestive organs are undeveloped, the volume is small, the function is not perfect, and the digestive enzymes are secreted. Insufficient amount, low digestibility of feed, certain allergic reactions to antigens in feed, insufficient secretion of gastric acid, lack of acidic environment in digestive tract, low killing capacity against pathogens, predominance of digestive tract-producing microbiota, easy piglets Diarrhea occurs, so the preparation of piglets requires high technology, raw material selection must also meet the digestive physiology of piglets.

1 Energy needs and raw material selection

Piglets diets should maintain a high energy concentration and low crude fiber, generally: digestive energy 14.7 ~ 15.5MJ/Kg, crude fiber does not exceed 4%, to achieve such high energy and low crude fiber levels must be to piglets Add vegetable oil to the feed, or use a higher proportion of whole fat extruded soybeans in the formula. The piglets within 7 days of age can use glucose and lactose as their energy sources. The piglets from 7 to 10 days of age can use fructose and sucrose, and the piglets from 2 to 3 weeks of age can have pancreatic amylase and gut in the digestive tract. Disaccharides are not sufficient and starch can not be used as a source of energy. However, weaned piglets can be based on plant-based feeds and are properly supplemented with lactose and other ingredients.

High protein whey powder contains more than 12% of crude protein, 60% to 70% of lactose, and its main function is lactose, which is a commonly used energy source for preparing early weaned piglets. Due to the limitation of cost and processing technology, 10% whey powder causes ring die blockage, generally 3% to 8%, and powder may add 15% to 20%. In the weaned pig diet, the addition of high protein whey powder can significantly improve the performance of the first 2 weeks of weaned piglet at 3 to 4 weeks of age.

Lactose has good palatability, is easily digested and absorbed (98%), and can produce Lactic Acid through fermentation, maintain the intestinal health of piglets, help digestion and prevent diarrhea, and is a good source of energy for piglets. Lactose has a better fluidity than whey powder, so from the viewpoint of granulation performance, lactose is a superior raw material for sucker granules in comparison with whey powder.

Lipid activity of early-weaned piglets decreased, and the ability to utilize oils was limited. Now studies have shown that the shorter the fat chains, the higher the absorption and utilization rate. The highest fat utilization rate for piglets is coconut oil, followed by corn oil and soybean oil. Lard and butter are the worst. The addition of a certain amount of fat facilitates the granulation of the feed during processing, and the addition of 5% to 6% of fat can provide lubrication during granulation. The use of feed emulsifiers in recent years has greatly improved the utilization of grease.

Corn is a commonly used main energy raw material. It uses full grain, no moldy spots, and good luster yellow corn. It is puffed before processing. Water should not exceed 14%, crude protein should not be less than 8.5%, and crude fat should be 3.5%. With plant researchers cultivating high-protein, high-lysine corn and high-phytase corn, the application of corn will have more nutritional value.

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