Strawberry is a perennial evergreen and green fruit tree. Its berries are rich in nutrients, and it is a favorite fruit among consumers. In 2001-2002, we used crop stalks, boiler slag, and sawdust as a cultivation substrate to replace nutrient solution with a solid matrix in ordinary solar greenhouses. The soilless cultivation experiment was conducted and was harvested before and after the end of December of the solar calendar. 1953kg of strawberry was produced in each greenhouse (12m and 40m), and 2,714kg of strawberry per mu was converted according to the standard, which was 19.7% higher than the greenhouse under the same conditions. And the excellent fruit rate is increased by 50%, and the economic benefits are very significant. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:
First, establish a cultivation tank. The cultivation trough is 20 centimeters high and 65 centimeters wide. It is surrounded by red bricks, and the width of the work channel between the troughs is 35 centimeters. The bottom of the cultivation trough and a layer of 0.1 mm polyethylene plastic film are completely separated from the soil to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. The matrix was mixed thoroughly with 55% crushed corn stover, 25% boiler slag, and 20% sawdust.
Second, fertilizer and water conditions. In soilless cultivation, the crop must have a sufficient supply of nutrients. We use the disinfected decomposed chicken manure and bean cake to be mixed in a ratio of 2:1. About 15 kg per cubic meter of the cultivation substrate is used as base fertilizer. Before mixing the uniform matrix into the cultivation tank, place 1-2 plastic droppers in each cultivation tank, and connect the outdoor tap water through branch pipes and trunk pipes, and set up independent control valves in each greenhouse.
Third, strawberry varieties selection and management measures
1, test varieties. Choosing Fongxiang strawberry was planted in early September. Before the planting, the strawberry was first planted and waited until it was differentiated from the inflorescence and then set in the cultivation tank.
2, carefully remove the weak seedlings before planting, diseased seedlings and old seedlings, cut off old leaves and stolons. Generally, 2 rows are planted in each trough and the spacing is about 15 cm. After planting, watering is continued for 2-3 days. Frequent spraying of fungicides, such as thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim, is required during the seedling period.
3, cut off the old leaves before the shed, each strain retains 3-4 functional leaves, spray 10 mg / liters of gibberellin 1 times, 40% of the buds when spraying 5 mg / liter, gibberellin 1 times.
4, the Gregorian calendar at the end of October to buckle shed. After the shed is tightened, the indoor temperature is strictly controlled. The old leaves and diseased leaves are often removed, and 8 to 10 functional leaves are reserved per plant. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea is sprayed once every 10 days or so. In the period of strawberry flowering and fruit enlargement, the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were directly transported to the roots of strawberry through the water pipette, and water and fertilizer were applied together.
5. Artificially assisted pollination and shed-loading of bees were carried out during the strawberry flowering period to increase the yield and quality of the strawberry.
6, winter greenhouse humidity is relatively high, prone to strawberry gray mold and brown spot, when it can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 50% fast keratin 800 times, or using smoke bactericide, And pay attention to regular ventilation in the greenhouse to keep the air fresh.
First, establish a cultivation tank. The cultivation trough is 20 centimeters high and 65 centimeters wide. It is surrounded by red bricks, and the width of the work channel between the troughs is 35 centimeters. The bottom of the cultivation trough and a layer of 0.1 mm polyethylene plastic film are completely separated from the soil to prevent the spread of pests and diseases. The matrix was mixed thoroughly with 55% crushed corn stover, 25% boiler slag, and 20% sawdust.
Second, fertilizer and water conditions. In soilless cultivation, the crop must have a sufficient supply of nutrients. We use the disinfected decomposed chicken manure and bean cake to be mixed in a ratio of 2:1. About 15 kg per cubic meter of the cultivation substrate is used as base fertilizer. Before mixing the uniform matrix into the cultivation tank, place 1-2 plastic droppers in each cultivation tank, and connect the outdoor tap water through branch pipes and trunk pipes, and set up independent control valves in each greenhouse.
Third, strawberry varieties selection and management measures
1, test varieties. Choosing Fongxiang strawberry was planted in early September. Before the planting, the strawberry was first planted and waited until it was differentiated from the inflorescence and then set in the cultivation tank.
2, carefully remove the weak seedlings before planting, diseased seedlings and old seedlings, cut off old leaves and stolons. Generally, 2 rows are planted in each trough and the spacing is about 15 cm. After planting, watering is continued for 2-3 days. Frequent spraying of fungicides, such as thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim, is required during the seedling period.
3, cut off the old leaves before the shed, each strain retains 3-4 functional leaves, spray 10 mg / liters of gibberellin 1 times, 40% of the buds when spraying 5 mg / liter, gibberellin 1 times.
4, the Gregorian calendar at the end of October to buckle shed. After the shed is tightened, the indoor temperature is strictly controlled. The old leaves and diseased leaves are often removed, and 8 to 10 functional leaves are reserved per plant. 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or urea is sprayed once every 10 days or so. In the period of strawberry flowering and fruit enlargement, the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were directly transported to the roots of strawberry through the water pipette, and water and fertilizer were applied together.
5. Artificially assisted pollination and shed-loading of bees were carried out during the strawberry flowering period to increase the yield and quality of the strawberry.
6, winter greenhouse humidity is relatively high, prone to strawberry gray mold and brown spot, when it can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 50% fast keratin 800 times, or using smoke bactericide, And pay attention to regular ventilation in the greenhouse to keep the air fresh.
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