Tomato empty fruit refers to the empty fruit between the skin and the pulp jelly. It is common in greenhouse and greenhouse cultivation in winter. Tomato pods are mainly characterized by undeveloped placenta development, separation of pericarp and placental tissue, and low fruit flesh, and the seed cavity becomes hollow; the surface of the fruit is ribbed and the shape is larger, but the weight is lighter and the juice is light in taste. Production, quality and economic benefits have a certain influence. Therefore, it is of great significance to guard against the occurrence of empty fruit in the winter.
First, the cause
1, poor environmental conditions. Poor environmental conditions are the main reasons for the occurrence of empty fruit in winter tomatoes. When the greenhouse flower bud differentiation and flowering period greenhouse temperature is lower than 10 °C and 15 °C, respectively, easily lead to flower bud differentiation and poor pollination, placental tissue growth is not substantial and the formation of empty fruit. In addition, persistent rain and snow, lack of light, decreased photosynthetic products, insufficient supply of fruit nutrients, can cause uncoordinated skin and pulp growth, but also easy to form empty fruit.
2, improper management of fertilizer and water. Improper management of fertilizer and water is another important factor in inducing empty fruit in tomatoes. After fruiting, watering and top dressing are excessive, nutrient growth is excessively prosperous, or fertilizer and water in the late stages of growth and outcome are not followed, resulting in deficiency of nutrients and easy formation of empty fruit.
3. Improper application of growth hormone. In tomato cultivation in the solar greenhouse in winter, in order to prevent flowering and fruit drop, and improve the fruit setting rate, flowering period usually uses 2,4-D or tomato pod flowers. If the concentration is too high during flowering, repeated flowering, or flowering time is too early, it is easy to produce empty fruit.
Second, prevention measures
1, a reasonable choice of suitable varieties. Generally should choose the middle and late-maturing fruit-type varieties, large fruit-type varieties of ventricle number, fruit inside the partition more, should not produce empty fruit, such as hair powder 802, Jiafen 15 and other varieties.
2. Reasonably improve environmental conditions. Adjusting the lighting and temperature of winter greenhouses is an important condition for ensuring good fruit development. It is necessary to uncover the weeds in time according to the weather changes, do a good job of adjusting the temperature of the light, and adopt conditions such as warming and supplementing light to create suitable conditions for fruit growth and development. . General requirements of the temperature in the greenhouse 20 ~ 27 °C, night temperature 8 ~ 14 °C, during the day to accept the light and scattered light for not less than 6 hours, can effectively prevent the occurrence of empty fruit in the tomato.
3. Rationally strengthen fertilizer and water management. To achieve balanced supply of nutrients to tomato plants and to reduce the occurrence of empty fruit, the use of fertilizers should be based on formula fertilization techniques and organic fertilizers should be added. Fertilizers should have a reasonable mix of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and should not be used only for large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer. At the same time, it is necessary to determine the amount of watering and the number of days between different growth periods and soil moisture conditions to ensure water supply.
4, the correct use of plant growth regulators. The use of appropriate plant growth regulators at a suitable concentration and time will help prevent empty fruit. Usually 2,4-D and tomato spirit use concentrations of 10 ~ 20mg/kg and 25 ~ 40mg/kg, respectively, reasonable application time is the day of flowering or before and after flowering 1 ~ 2 days.
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