Scientific Feeding Management Technology for Dairy Cows

When dairy cows have been producing milk for about 10 months and daily milk production is only a few kilograms, the cows can be treated with dry milk. The general approach is to reduce the amount of green and juicy feed, gradually reduce the number of milking, and change the milking time so that the cattle gradually stop producing milk. If milk production is very low, milking can be stopped directly to achieve dry milk.

Dry-dairy dairy cows are usually reared in two stages: dry and early dry milk. From the beginning of dry milk to the first 15 days before calving, it is the early period of dry milk, 2 weeks before calving to the late period of dry milk (also known as pre-period).

Dry pre-dairy diets are mainly based on roughage, with appropriate concentrates. Concentrate consumption accounts for 0.6-0.9% of body weight, generally 3.5-5 kg ​​per day, and dietary crude fiber content is not less than 19%. For young cows giving birth for the first time, a feed intake of 10-18% is added to prevent the cattle from becoming overweight after giving birth. The diet of dry cows must be made of good quality, easily digestible feed, and the use of low-nutrient roughage and juicy feed should be limited. In addition, the supply of clean drinking water, the best summer water temperature control at around 10 °C, about 15 °C in winter, avoid drinking ice water. During the first week of dry milk, observe the condition of the breast. If there is a lump, the cow is uneasy and must be treated promptly. After the condition is improved, dry the milk again.

In the first half of the month after giving birth, cows were given medium-upper nutritional levels. The amount of concentrate can be increased based on the body condition, appetite, type of feces, and expected milk production. The concentrate is generally increased to 1-1.5 kg per 100 kg body weight and the crude fiber level is not less than 17%. Concentrate is gradually increasing and it increases by 0.3% kilogram per day. When an anorexia phenomenon occurs in dairy cows, it is not possible to increase the fine material, so that after anorexia is eliminated, fine concentrates are added.

For cows with excessive breast swelling or severe edema a few days before the birth, appropriate concentrates should be reduced, juicy feed should be stopped, and the amount of salt should be reduced. When fed with wet concentrates, concentrates should not be too wet. Twenty days before the onset of labor, feeding low-calcium diets reduced the dry matter calcium content of the diet to 0.2% and reduced the amount of salt. In the 2-3 days before delivery, anionic salt feed can be fed to prevent milk fever in dairy cows. In order to prevent constipation, the amount of bran-dried feed such as wheat bran should be properly increased in concentrates, which can account for 15-23% of concentrates. The breasts were carefully examined late in the dry period and there was immediate treatment of the breast inflammation.

In addition, during the whole dry period, the cows should be allowed to exercise freely in order to reduce their dystocia; to prevent crowding, not to feed deteriorating feeds, not to drink ice water, not to rinse cows with cold water, to prevent cows from falling down, slipping, and strengthening fetuses.

When dairy cows have been producing milk for about 10 months and daily milk production is only a few kilograms, the cows can be treated with dry milk. The general approach is to reduce the amount of green and juicy feed, gradually reduce the number of milking, and change the milking time so that the cattle gradually stop producing milk. If milk production is very low, milking can be stopped directly to achieve dry milk.

Dry-dairy dairy cows are usually reared in two stages: dry and early dry milk. From the beginning of dry milk to the first 15 days before calving, it is the early period of dry milk, 2 weeks before calving to the late period of dry milk (also known as pre-period).

Dry pre-dairy diets are mainly based on roughage, with appropriate concentrates. Concentrate consumption accounts for 0.6-0.9% of body weight, generally 3.5-5 kg ​​per day, and dietary crude fiber content is not less than 19%. For young cows giving birth for the first time, a feed intake of 10-18% is added to prevent the cattle from becoming overweight after giving birth. The diet of dry cows must be made of good quality, easily digestible feed, and the use of low-nutrient roughage and juicy feed should be limited. In addition, the supply of clean drinking water, the best summer water temperature control at around 10 °C, about 15 °C in winter, avoid drinking ice water. During the first week of dry milk, observe the condition of the breast. If there is a lump, the cow is uneasy and must be treated promptly. After the condition is improved, dry the milk again.

In the first half of the month after giving birth, cows were given medium-upper nutritional levels. The amount of concentrate can be increased based on the body condition, appetite, type of feces, and expected milk production. The concentrate is generally increased to 1-1.5 kg per 100 kg body weight and the crude fiber level is not less than 17%. Concentrate is gradually increasing and it increases by 0.3% kilogram per day. When an anorexia phenomenon occurs in dairy cows, it is not possible to increase the fine material, so that after anorexia is eliminated, fine concentrates are added.

For cows with excessive breast swelling or severe edema a few days before the birth, appropriate concentrates should be reduced, juicy feed should be stopped, and the amount of salt should be reduced. When fed with wet concentrates, concentrates should not be too wet. Twenty days before the onset of labor, feeding low-calcium diets reduced the dry matter calcium content of the diet to 0.2% and reduced the amount of salt. In the 2-3 days before delivery, anionic salt feed can be fed to prevent milk fever in dairy cows. In order to prevent constipation, the amount of bran-dried feed such as wheat bran should be properly increased in concentrates, which can account for 15-23% of concentrates. The breasts were carefully examined late in the dry period and there was immediate treatment of the breast inflammation.

In addition, during the whole dry period, the cows should be allowed to exercise freely in order to reduce their dystocia; to prevent crowding, not to feed deteriorating feeds, not to drink ice water, not to rinse cows with cold water, to prevent cows from falling down, slipping, and strengthening fetuses.

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