With the development of the dairy industry, the selection, education, and management of dairy cows need to be further improved. This article analyzes the current status of dairy farming, and puts forward some suggestions and exchanges.
First, buy cattle misunderstanding:
Because dairy cattle farmers are eager to buy cows, they do not understand the identification criteria for high-quality dairy cows, and they do not ask the people involved to buy cows blindly. Lead to high prices to buy out cattle, old cattle, low-yield cattle. How to get out of this misunderstanding? It is recommended to do “three visits and one master†before buying dairy cows. That is, to inspect the dairy cattle strains, breeds, mating methods, sources of frozen sperm, milk production levels, etc. in the area; to investigate and ascertain the history of dairy cows in the area, especially the history of infectious diseases; to investigate the breeding conditions in the area, including crude and concentrate feed supplies. Situation, feeding habits and management level, master certain cow identification knowledge, suggest that it is best to buy dairy cows from large-scale formal dairy farms, because the dairy cows in large dairy farms are scientifically cultivated according to breeding programs, and it is also easy to find the dairy cows purchased. Pedigree profile information. When selecting, it is better to produce 6,000 days or more milk in 305 days.
Second, feeding and management errors:
Many dairy farmers raise cows for reference to the original method of feeding cattle, with extensive management and weak scientific awareness. Combining the yak period with the bred cows, it was caught in the second misunderstanding of dairy cow production. Mastering the main points of feeding and management in the above two stages of production is the key for dairy farmers to get out of the second misunderstanding.
There are four points in the scientific management of yak: First, the yak must be separated immediately after birth and bred in a single lap. It must be ensured that calves eat colostrum within one hour of birth to obtain maternal specific immune antibodies; To allow calves to feed colostrum, they usually eat for 1 week, 3-4 times a day, so that they can feed less frequently; after a week, they are fed regular milk and changed to 2 times a day. The total amount of breastfeeding during lactation is controlled at 200-300 kg. Third, the water and milk should be separated when feeding normal milk to prevent esophageal sulcus from opening. Normal milk enters the undeveloped rumen and causes yak diarrhea due to abnormal fermentation. Fourth, colostrum is used. After feeding, a small amount of feed and hay should be fed to stimulate the development of the rumen of calves, laying a good foundation for breeding bovine broilers.
The misunderstanding in rearing bred cattle is that the body weight cannot reach the standard when mating and mating too early. The mating time of bred cattle is 14—18 months, and the breeding weight of bred cattle is usually 375 kg. In any case, the bred cattle should not be over fed, but they should not be undernourished. If the nutrient is insufficient, the development of heifers is hindered, manifested as the mating age and the weight is too small, the estrus period is delayed, affecting the production; and overfeeding, due to too much energy when the cow is over-fertilized and the estrus breeding is not easy to be pregnant or calving Difficulties occur.
Third, the misunderstanding of business philosophy:
Judging from our country’s overall perspective, dairy cows’ feeding methods are based on one household and one household. This approach is constrained by various objective conditions, especially the occurrence of Sanlu’s milk powder incident in May 2008, making “a household one The defects and ills of the "Distributed Feeding" approach are particularly prominent. To this end, the state has invested a series of policies and programs to establish a large-scale dairy farm or a “belt farm†to bring cows together for feeding. “Toxicai†is where farmers provide dairy cows for centralized management of large dairy farms. Dairy farms provide farmers with dividends or pay farmers a certain amount of funds each year. This change in feeding patterns will bring new vitality to the aquaculture and dairy industries. The centralized feeding of dairy cows, the concentration of milk, and the centralized acquisition of milk have reduced the occurrence of many illegal acts in the middle. Fresh and green cow milk has entered the dairy processing enterprises and has flown into the market and into millions of households. Therefore, dairy cattle breeding must go out of their misunderstandings, try new ideas, reach the farmers, dairy farms, and the "trustee farms," ​​the three areas of profit, in order to make the dairy farming industry can be a virtuous circle, the market can be purified.
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