(I) Sowing and raising seedlings
1? sowing time: general spring sowing in late January -2 months, autumn sowing 7-8 months; summer plant temperature is high, plant growth is weak, falling flowers, fruiting difficulties, serious diseases, easy to fail; winter plant is only suitable for the city Southern Plains or low-lying hilly areas, sown from October to early November.
2? Seed disinfection: Seed disinfection is an effective measure to reduce disease transmission. When disinfecting, the seeds can be wrapped with gauze, put in 50 warm water (temperature remains unchanged) for 10 minutes or put in 10% sodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, then remove, rinse with clean water, and then put into warm water at 30°C. Soak for 2-3 hours and remove the shade.
3. Seedling management: should be determined according to different climatic conditions, such as winter planting or early spring seedlings need to protect against cold, apply a small arch plastic film cover; and Xiaqiu Qiu nursery should focus on high temperature and heavy rain, apply shade net scaffolding coverage . In the nursery process, appropriate fertilizer, generally combined with watering, drenching uremic water or 0.1? -0.2? urea water. At the same time, chlorothalonil 600 times solution plus 1000 times solution of dimethoate was sprayed 2-3 times at the seedling stage.
(B) soil preparation and planting: Tomato planting areas should be selected before the rice or not planted Solanaceae, peanuts, soybeans, sesame, radish and other crops. Before planting, sufficient base fertilizer can be used. For each mu, 1000 kg of cattle feces and 50-100 kg of superphosphate can be used. After mixing, sprinkle it evenly on the surface and mix it with the soil. Criterion specifications can be used 1.3-1.7 meters Baogou, two lines of plants, spacing 40-50 cm, double dry pruning. Early sun is sufficient and it can be planted properly. Or can be used alone, spacing of 20-25 cm, 3000 acres of planting. Tomato cultivation in winter should be adopted to cover the cultivation, due to the inconvenience of top dressing, with special emphasis on the need to fill in the preparation of basal fertilizer once, and the main organic fertilizer. Other measures are basically consistent with open cultivation.
(III) Daejeon Management
1. Fertilization: Tomato is a kind of vegetable that results in continuous growth. In addition to applying base fertilizer, it should also have sufficient top dressing. Generally after the recovery of colonization and cultivation (within 1 week after planting), top dressing is started every 8-10 days. Before each dressing, the amount of urea should not exceed 5 kg per mu. After the first ear fruit is enlarged, appropriate heavy fertilizer is applied, and when the second to third ear fruit is enlarged, more nutrition is required, the top dressing is heavy, the amount of the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is increased, and the top dressing is used to ensure the fruit of the fourth to fifth?6 ear. Growing needs. On the basis of applying base fertilizer, the total amount of fertilizer to be used per mu is 50 kg of urea, 70 kg of potassium fertilizer or 100 kg of compound fertilizer and 30 kg of potassium fertilizer.
2, water management: to do deep groove sorghum planting, surrounded by open ring Tiangou. When watering, it is better to water the plants one by one, and less water in the fields. If water is to be poured, it should be carried out in the evening, and it is advisable to use horse water. After 1-2 hours in the ditch, drain it to keep the soil moist. Because irrigation can easily cause the spread of bacterial wilt, it should be used less.
3. Earthing and weeding: Earthing is an indispensable task for the cultivation of tomatoes. Generally, it is necessary to cultivate the soil 2-3 times and combine it with weeding and weeding. Weeds can be covered with soil to reduce rooting caused by weeding.
4. Stretching and binding vines: When the tomato grows to a height of 30-40 cm, it should be inserted into a stand and then tied.
5, pruning thinning sparse fruit: single stem pruning only one trunk, all other growth of the lateral branches removed; double dry pruning in addition to retaining the trunk, and then retain the first inflorescence under the first leafhopper out of the collateral, other side branches are Remove it.
Tomato due to the results of many, if the term of growth, there will be uneven fruit size, more substandard products, it should be sparsely fruit thinning, under normal circumstances, each branch can stay 5-7 fruit.
6. Pest control: Bacterial wilt, late blight, etc. are the major diseases that affect tomato production. Diseases should be guarded against, and strict precautions should be taken in all production processes. Such as tomato tying, removal of lateral buds and other operations, can easily cause disease transmission. Tomato field operations should be carried out in fine weather and sunny weather. Avoid rainy days.
(1) Bacterial wilt: It is easy to occur under high temperature and high humidity conditions. When it first occurs, the stems and leaves suddenly appear as water-lost, the leaves droop, and the whole plants wither, but remain green; the vascular bundle is seen through its stem. Browning. Control methods:
1 The rotation is carried out, preferably before being used as a non-solanum plant, with paddy rice and dry crop rotation.
2 Acidic soil should be suitably increased lime, which will help inhibit the reproduction of pathogens and reduce the damage.
3 Strengthen the management of fertilizers and waters, intensive cultivation of sorghum, and prevention of flood irrigation.
4 In the early fruit period, field inspections were started. Once the diseased plants were found, they were immediately removed and collected and burned. The diseased points were disinfected with 20 μg lime water. At the beginning of the disease, 200 ml/l of agricultural streptomycin or other antibiotics should be used to irrigate the roots. Each dose should be 0 to 5 kilograms per dose, once per 7 to 10 days, and continuously for 3 to 4 times.
(2) Late blight: Leaves and stems can be susceptible, and susceptible leaves often occur from the tips or leaves of the leaves, greenish blue, water-stained, and gradually brown, resulting in brown rot of the entire leaf; diseased stems, disease Dark brown spots, slightly sag, become rot, and finally the upper part of the plant wilting, breaking, dead. Fruit disease begins near the fruit shank at the beginning of the disease, when the whole fruit becomes brown and corrupt. In wet conditions, the diseased part produces a noticeable white mold. Control methods:
1 Avoid over-close planting and no ventilation, especially early due to less sunlight, high humidity, it is advisable to adopt sparse planting.
2 Sorghum planting to avoid water accumulation in the field.
3 Use 58% of D. Mn-Zn wettable powder 600 times or Prec 600 times, and 800 times of copper oxychloride to use alternately, and start to set fruit to spray once every 7 days, spray prevention after turning rain .
(3) Helicoverpa armigera, H. assulta, Spodoptera litura, and Spodoptera exigua: In the early stage of incubation at young age, the larvae are prevented when they have not yet entered the fruit.
1 with 5% suppression Taibao 2000 times liquid, 20% swept 2000 times liquid sweep, 2.5% kung fu 3000 times liquid, 10% Xingmianbao 2000 times and other alternative spray to kill, sooner or later spray kill effect.
2 When the victim's fruit is found (ie, the insect has penetrated into the fruit), it should be removed manually and then sprayed.
(4) Liriomyza sativae Blanchard: It is a serious pest in recent years. It can be used 20% Kang Fu Duo 4000-6000 times liquid, 1.8% harmful to destroy 2000 times liquid, 40% Qixingbao EC 600-800 times liquid spray .
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