I. The concept of plant growth regulators and their classification
Plant growth regulators are artificially synthesized compounds having physiological activities similar to those of plant hormones. This type of substance can show significant promotion or inhibition of plant growth and development at low concentrations. According to the different properties and uses of plant growth regulators, they can be roughly divided into: plant growth promoters, growth retardants, growth inhibitors, and ethylene release agents.
1. Growth promoter: artificially synthesized similar auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin substances, can promote cell division and elongation, the differentiation and formation of new organs to prevent fruit shedding. Mainly include: such as naphthalene acetic acid, increase production spirit, high yield treasure, triacontanol and so on.
2. growth retardants: mainly to prevent gibberellin biosynthesis, in order to inhibit cell division and elongation in the lower part of the top of the stem, so that the growth rate of the compound, can lead to shorten the plant body, induce dwarfing, Promotes flowering, but has no effect on leaf size, number of leaves, number of nodes, and apical dominance. The main products are: Chlorhexidine, chlorhexidine (also known as midazolam), paclobutrazol, and uniconazole.
3. Growth inhibitors: Unlike growth retardants, they mainly inhibit cell division in the apical meristem, causing loss of apical dominance, increased lateral branches, and reduced leaf blade. It cannot be reversed by gibberellin. Mainly include: suppress bud Dan (MH), iodine benzoic acid (TIBA), Chloroprodan (Matrix) and so on.
4. Ethylene release agents: Synthetic ethylene-releasing compounds can promote fruit ripening. Ethephon is the most widely used one. Ethephon is stable below a pH of 4 and when the pH of the plant reaches 5-6, it slowly degrades, releasing ethylene gas.
Second, the application of plant growth regulators in soybean
1. Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Soybean Plant Shape
The use of plant growth regulators can inhibit the apical dominance of soybeans, plant dwarfs and strong stalks, and play a role in modifying the plant shape, which can effectively reduce plant height, increase stem diameter, increase effective branching, make plant shape compact, and improve field ventilation through Light conditions prevent lodging and increase production.
2. Effects of plant growth regulators on soybean leaf development
The correct application of plant growth regulators will help stabilize the higher leaf area coefficient, increase the unit leaf area and chlorophyll content of soybean leaves, enhance photosynthesis and delay leaf senescence, and contribute to the formation of soybean photosynthetic products, and lay a good foundation for soybean production. basis.
3. Effects of plant growth regulators on the development of soybean buds
The large number of soybean flowering, the low rate of pod formation, and the loss of scapes are a common physiological phenomenon, and it is also a production problem to be solved urgently. The application of chemical control technology can promote the growth and development of plants, can make good nutrient delivery, increase flower protection, reduce falling flowers, reduce worming rate, increase the number of pods and 100-grain weight. The timely and appropriate application of plant growth regulators can effectively coordinate the three pairs of contradictions in the growth and development of soybean: one is the contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, the second is the contradiction between the growth of ground and underground parts of soybean, and the third is the growth and population of soybeans. The contradiction of development can effectively reduce the loss of soybean pods and promote soybean production.
Third, the use of plant growth regulator should pay attention to the problem
1. Choose the right dosage form: There are many kinds of plant growth regulators, mainly broad-spectrum type and special-purpose type. The broad-spectrum type can be used for various plants, and the special-purpose type can be limited to one or two kinds of plants. Have a targeted choice.
2. Grasp the concentration and frequency of use: If the concentration of plant growth regulators is too large, the leaves will become thick and brittle, and deformity, dryness, and loss of the whole plant will occur. If the concentration is too small, the desired effect will not be achieved. According to the type of plant growth regulators, the purpose of application, crop growth period and its performance, weather conditions and other factors.
3. Do not use farmed plants: Ethylene, gibberellin and other plant growth regulators are used in crops such as vegetables, cotton, and wheat. Although they play a role in early maturation and increase production, they cause increased infertility and severely reduced seed germination rate. Cannot be reserved for species use. Therefore, plant growth regulators should not be used for crops that retain seeds.
4. Can not be used as a medicine to replace fertilizer: that is to say it can not replace fertilizer and other agricultural measures, even if it is a promoting regulator, it must be sufficient conditions to play its role in fertilizer and water.
5. Do not arbitrarily mix: Several plant growth regulators mixed or mixed with other pesticides, fertilizers, must be based on a thorough understanding of the role of the enhanced use or resistance of mixed pesticides based on the decision whether it is feasible, do not mix.
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