Release date: 2016-04-20
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins and Kennedy Krieger Institutes reported that immune-related cells associated with allergies can work with biological scaffolds to promote healing of muscle wounds in mice. The discovery was reported in Science on April 15. The new discovery reveals that the immune system is not only the key to combating infectious diseases and other diseases, but also promotes healing after injury. The researchers also said that if designed as a "partner" of immune cells, so-called biomaterial scaffolds can promote healing more effectively.
The immune system responds differently to biological materials
Professor Jennifer Elisseeff of Johns Hopkins University said: "In previous studies, we have seen that the same biological materials are transplanted into different tissues and environments to produce different immune system responses. We still have a lot to learn, but this Research is the first step in obtaining materials that are useful for designing immune responses."
Elisseeff's team designed biodegradable stents made of materials such as collagen. The scaffold has been shown to promote regrowth of damaged tissue by providing a place for the body's own stem cells to anchor and begin their work. She said that in the past few years, other research groups have found evidence that such stents can also stimulate immune cell therapy.
Type 2 helper T cells activate macrophages in wounds
To understand the immune cells involved and their response, researchers at Elisseeff Laboratories surgically removed a portion of the mouse thigh muscle and implanted a stent that promotes healing. A week later, there were more white blood cells in the wound with the stent than in the absence of the stent. Many of these cells produced a large amount of chemical signal, interleukin-4. Interleukin-4 is usually produced by type 2 helper T cells.
To analyze the role of these cells, the team did the same in genetically engineered mice lacking T cells, and found that their wounds did not gradually increase in interleukins, and that the wound did not heal like normal mice. . Further analysis showed that the role of type 2 helper T cells is to activate another immune cell, the macrophage, at the wound site.
Previous studies have shown that macrophages play a key role in the healing process: cleaning up dead or damaged cells, recruiting and supporting adult stem cell regeneration tissue and promoting the production of new blood vessels, replenishing new tissue in the area. The role of type 2 helper T cells in the scaffold is a surprise. These cells usually help protect against intestinal worms, but in developed countries they are often associated with triggering "bad" immune responses, such as allergies. Elisseeff said that there are many useful things to see through this route. Elisseeff also pointed out that much still needs to be done to understand how immune cells respond to different biomaterials, which is useful for bioscaffolds, and her research team will continue to investigate this aspect.
This study is pioneering in T cell-mediated tissue regeneration. This will be seen as a turning point for regenerative immunology from an idea into a serious research field. It seeks new strategies for opening a door that significantly increases organizational regeneration.
Source: Bio-Exploration
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