Summer is the peak season for the growth of fruit trees. Summer management is a key link in the annual growth cycle of fruit trees. Its level of management not only affects the current year's yield and fruit quality, but also relates to the level of output in the coming year. Therefore, the fruit farmers should attach great importance to it. Summer management of fruit trees.
1. Soil and Fertilizer Water Management
The cultivator can keep the soil loose, prevent evaporation of soil moisture, and remove weeds. Should be 15 to 20 days once, the general depth of 5 to 10 cm, after the rain or irrigation should be promptly cultivator. Young orchards should leave enough nutrients to grow shallow and dwarf crops between rows. Adult orchards should be planted with green manure and legumes to increase soil fertility.
Orchard grass mulching, especially mountain orchards or long-term lack of water orchards. Grass cover is to cover plant stalks, weeds, leaves, etc. in the orchard, so that the orchard ground is kept 15 to 20 centimeters of grass cover all year round to increase fertilizer, impoundment, eliminate grass, no-tillage, freeze-proof and improve the soil. Water, fertilizer, gas and heat conditions. After wheat is harvested in June, wheat straw can be used for orchard coverage.
The top-dressing fertilizer is applied to the foliage after the fruit tree is spread to the beginning of September and once every 20 days, 0.3% of urea or 0.2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.3% of potassium sulfate, or foliar or photosynthetic micro-fertilizer is used. spray. The spraying time should be performed before 10 o'clock in the morning or after 16 o'clock in the afternoon so as to avoid bad absorption and causing phytotoxicity. The top-dressing is mainly applied in the fruit development period and the fruit hard-core period. Topdressing NPK fertilizer or quick-acting fertilizers such as phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, topdressing must be combined with rainwater or irrigation when the hole is applied or ditched.
For example, early fruit trees such as cherries should be supplemented with fertilizers immediately after fruit harvest, and can be applied to fully decomposed human feces or cakes, which can promote flower bud differentiation. The water-filling fruit trees are carried out in the stages of shoot growth, fruit development, fruit enlargement, and fruit ripening. The drought must be timely irrigation. Most of the rainwater is concentrated in July-August, and attention should be paid to drainage. Before the rainy season arrives, the drainage system should be repaired to eliminate surface runoff and keep the drainage channels open. For example, cherry trees, peach trees, etc. are the most fearful, so the rainy season must promptly eliminate water accumulation in the garden to ensure the normal growth of fruit trees.
2. Flower and fruit management
When the flowering date of the date is high and the air humidity is low, in order to improve the fruit setting rate, spray water on the canopy with a sprayer at 10 o'clock on a sunny morning or after 17 o'clock in the afternoon, and every 3 to 5 days until Take fruit till. Remove malformed fruit, pests and diseases, over dense fruit, small fruit, leave large fruit and leave good fruit. The amount of fruit remaining is determined by the branches of the tree.
Such as apples, pears and other fruit trees generally use equidistant method to stay, that is, leave a fruit at intervals of about 20 cm; pomegranate 1 cm thick mother branches to stay in the short shoots 1 to 2, leaving a single fruit; the results of strong grape growth branches 2 There are 1 ear in the ear, and 1 ear in the mean tree branch; Ginkgo should also be appropriately thinned to maintain the appropriate load to prevent the size from appearing. The fruit bagging is to increase the surface smoothness of the fruit, reduce the pollution of the pesticide, and improve the commercial quality of the fruit.
The bagging time is generally performed after the fruit trees have finished the physiological drop. Depending on the species, different types of paper bags, such as double-layer bags or single-layer bags, single-color bags or double-color bags, are used. For example, two-color bags are used for pears, and transparent single-color bags are used for grapes. Before the bagging, a fungicide and insecticide should be sprayed. After the liquid medicine is dried, the bagging is started. After the spraying, the bag is finished within 2 days, and it is necessary to spray it after the expiration date.
Summer trim
In order to maintain the ventilation of the canopy, the conditions for light transmission are good, the contradiction between growth and results is regulated, and summer trimming is necessary. Its main work content is topping, twisting, thinning, pulling branches, supporting branches and so on. Topping off the top of the new shoot of the year to cut off or cut off, so that the side buds below the topping heart sprout more lateral branches, increase the branch amount, expand the canopy, and can promote flower bud differentiation. In general, the extension head of the stem branches is steamed at 30-50 cm.
Twisted branches are aimed at the back of the year when the Wang Wangzhi, when its base is half lignified, twisted or twisted its base sprain, inhibiting growth and promote flower formation. The elimination of dense branches, competing branches or leggy branches that cannot be used to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown can reduce the degree of harm to pests and diseases. Its principle of thinning is to stay straight and stay weak, stay strong, and stay before. Change the direction of the shoots and increase the angle of the shoots by twisting, pulling, bracing, and falling, so as to ease the growth potential of branches and promote the formation of branches and flower buds.
4. Pest control
The main diseases are rot and dry rot, which should be applied after the scraping of the lesions and sawing off the diseased branches. Cherry flow gum disease: After scraping the lesions, apply 5 degrees lime sulfur or 100 times methylthiobutaline solution. Peach crown rot was smeared with 64% antimony 100 solution every 10 days and the treatment effect was good.
For the longhorned beetle, giardinus, and moth-wing moths, the adults were organized for 10 to 15 days and then sprayed twice with 90% trichlorfon 600 times or with pyrethroid pesticides to block stems, or using artificial adulteration to organize humans. Capture in the early morning, or use a wire hook to dig a trunk wormhole, and kill the larvae or inject 50 to 100 times 90% trichlorfon into the wormhole. Then use a mud or cotton ball to block the wormhole and kill the larvae. . Apple early defoliation, grape downy mildew, pear black spot disease, Lee black spot, date rust, persimmon spot disease, chestnut powdery mildew, etc., can choose Bordeaux mixture, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, spray Grams, Dasheng-m45, carbendazim, Rhizoctonia, B-aluminum, schizophrenia, triadimefon, polysulfide, etc.
There are insects such as red spider, aphids, pear hibiscus, beetles, leaf curl insects, moths, and star caterpillars. They are selected from the group of anthrone, imidacloprid, avermectin, phoxim, trichlorfon, mothrazone, and diflubenzuron. Dichlorvos and other pesticides can be used for prevention and treatment. Ringworm disease, anthrax, black spot disease, white rot, gray mold, etc., can be used Bordeaux mixture, carbendazim, mancozeb, anthraquinone, US, fast-Kling, Tuezai and other pesticides. Fruit pests mainly include Peach, Pear, Pear, etc. Peach Xiaoling, diflubenzuron, phoxim and other agents can be sprayed.
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