At present, strawberries have become the first choice for picking and relaxing in autumn and winter. If appropriate measures are taken before and after planting to prevent and control, prevention and control of strawberry diseases can achieve a multiplier effect. Especially for soil-borne diseases such as strawberry root rot, blight and anthrax which are more serious, the effect is even more obvious. .
Three kinds of soil-borne diseases symptom recognition
Strawberry root rot, blight and anthracnose are all soil-borne diseases, but their symptoms vary.
There are many kinds of strawberry root rot, and the more common ones in Beijing are: strawberry root rot, and the roots are rotted; the red heart root rot of strawberry is also called strawberry red column root rot, and the damaged root column becomes Red-brown, rot from the inside out; strawberry black root rot, the roots are black or brown tan, rotting from the outside to the inside. The incidence of strawberry root rot begins with the nascent roots and lateral roots. With the development of the disease, the root system rapidly necros and the leaves yellow and die.
Fusarium wilt in strawberry is usually easy to attack in the late stage of planting and early flowering. The new leaves or lateral leaves are the first to yellow, the old leaves show red wilting vascular tissue disease, resulting in plant growth dwarf than the average plant, the early leaves clustered curly, due to the mid-term Water and nutrient transmission were hindered, and the plants gradually became yellow, showing malnutrition. During the later period, they showed water-sinking wilting during the day and gradually spread throughout the whole plant, resulting in the death of the whole plant.
Strawberry anthracnose mainly damages the leaves, petioles, stipules, stolons and other parts. The stolons are heavier than the leaves, followed by the leaves. The lesions on the stolons and petioles are initially spindle-shaped and concave, and when expanded into a dark brown ring, The above-mentioned parts of the lesions wilted and died, in addition to causing local lesions, but also easily lead to the whole wilting of the strawberry seedlings to death, the initial 1-2 pieces of the disease began to lose the water subverted drooping, evening or cloudy days returned to normal, with the aggravation of the disease, the whole The plants withered and the cross-section of the roots and stems observed. Local browning occurred from the outside to the inside.
Because the main symptoms of soil-borne diseases are located in the underground roots and it is difficult to identify and prevent the disease in the early stage, it is necessary to take key measures such as matrix treatment and chemical repellent rooting before planting, and to take precautions such as irrigating the roots after planting, using TIF mulching and soil disinfection. The timely adoption of comprehensive prevention and control measures including agricultural control, biological control, and chemical prevention at the early stage of disease can not only reduce the occurrence of strawberry soil-borne diseases, but also reduce the number of spraying of pesticides, thus ensuring the healthy growth and safe production of strawberries. .
Pretreatment before planting is a prerequisite
The effective treatment and timely disinfection of strawberry planting matrix are the basic steps for healthy growth of strawberry seedlings. For the facility strawberry cultivation, the recommended composition and ratio of the matrix is: matrix 50% peat (or manure) + 35% vermiculite, and the matrix disinfection should be done at the same time, the method is as follows: The matrix is ​​stacked into 20 cm thick, according to 5 liters / 20% horseradish aqueous solution or 20-25 kg/mu 95% chloropicrin solution, plastic film sealed for 7 days after deflation, deflated for 7 days before use.
Because some strawberry seedlings may carry some pathogens themselves, therefore, when the substrate is disinfected, the seedlings of the strawberry seedlings must be treated with roots, so that the incidence of the disease after the strawberry is colonized can be greatly reduced. Before the strawberry is colonized, the old leaves at the bottom need to be removed, leaving only 2-3 new leaves, soaked with 29% pyraclostrobacillin 700 times or 300 g/l 42.8% trifloxacin aqueous solution Strawberries were bare rooted for 5 minutes, or a blister batter was made by using a mixture of oligo-pycorcillus preparations and Trichoderma harzianum preparations mixed with flour (Pythium oligo- virus/H. harzianum:flour:water=1:200:500). Root treatment. The root treatment is best done on a cloudy or late evening.
Good treatment after planting is the basis
Implantation treatment after planting can further prevent diseases and enhance the disease resistance of strawberry seedlings. For the lightly-occurring greenhouses in the previous quarter, it was possible to use 1 million spores per gram of Pythium oligorum, Trichoderma (Trichoderma harzianum T-22), 2% lentinan water and other biological agents for root irrigation. In the greenhouse, 250 g/L pyraclostrobin 1200 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl 1500 times, and 25% azoxystrobin suspension can be used for root filling.
The TIF film is a multilayer film that prevents gas penetration. With the use of a TIF coating and a ridge covering method, the concentration of soil disinfectant can be reduced to 30% of the commonly used concentration, and an ideal soil disinfection effect can still be achieved, effectively reducing the number of bacteria in the soil, maintaining the crop yield, and at the same time greatly increasing the Reduce the use of soil disinfectants, and allow more disinfectants to degrade under the cover film and in the soil, reduce the dissipation of toxic disinfectants in the air, and reduce the potential risks to human health and the environment.
Comprehensive prevention and control is the key
If the relevant measures are taken before planting, the incidence of these three diseases is much lower. However, since the temperature of these three diseases is between 18°C ​​and 32°C, it is also possible that after the planting and the growing period Occurs. Therefore, prevention and control should be carried out in the early stages of disease. Otherwise, it is very likely to cause devastating losses in a short period of time.
In addition, comprehensive prevention and control measures based on agricultural control and biological control measures and chemical control measures are advocated for the three diseases.
Agricultural control: Under the premise of good soil disinfection in the early stage, attention should be paid to the following aspects: When the weather is fine during the day, it is necessary to increase the ventilation and reduce the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse; timely removal of diseased leaves, diseased stems, dead leaves, Old leaves and diseased plants are destroyed and destroyed; adequately cooked farmyard manure is properly applied to improve soil viscosity and permeability; field management is strengthened, biological bacterial fertilizer, phosphorus and potash fertilizer are added, and cultivators are used to avoid root damage and reasonable irrigation and fertilization. .
Biological control: 1000 times solution of Bacillus subtilis (1000 billion spores/g), 2000-3000 times of Pythium oligospirillum, and 300-450 times of 2% amino oligosaccharide aqueous solution, 250 ml/plant , Once every 7 days, Irrigate 2-3 times continuously.
Chemical control: 50% prochloraz 1500 times, 10% difenoconazole 1000-1500 times, 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, 98% hymexazide wettable powder 2000 times, Or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 600 times Irrigation roots, irrigation 250 ml per plant, once every 7 days, continuous rooting 2-3 times. In the course of use, it is necessary to pay attention to alternation of medication, delay the occurrence of drug resistance, and spray evenly, which can improve the control effect. In addition, after the continuous rainfall and sunny days, the pesticide should be used immediately for prevention.
In summary, before and after strawberry colonization, comprehensive conservation of strawberry seedlings, including multiple methods, is of vital importance. In addition to the above-mentioned three soil-borne diseases, the strawberry seedlings will still be affected by other diseases during the strawberry growth and maturation period. Infestation of diseases and insect pests, such as strawberry powdery mildew, aphids, and red spiders, etc., but as long as we do a good job in relevant prevention and control measures, the strawberries will grow healthily and the food safety of strawberries can also be effectively protected.
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New strawberry varieties grown in recent years in Beijing suburbs
â—† Snow White is cultivated by the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences and is known as "White Fu Mei" in strawberries. The fruit surface is white and white, the pulp is pure white, and the sweetness is very high. Because the variety itself has excellent genes, the disease resistance is very strong.
â—† The fruit of the book is conical or wedge-shaped, with early ripeness, good taste and unique flavor; the fruit surface is bright, shiny, smooth, the fruit base is without neck, the seeds are both yellow-green and red, and the fruit is flat, the flesh is red, and the flesh is fine. The pith is small, fragrant, moderate in taste, sweet and sour, superior in quality, sweet and sour. Strong disease resistance.
â—† Beijing Taoxiang was born in the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. Its female parent is the European and American variety “Delselake†and its father is the Japanese variety “Zhang Jiâ€. The "Jing Ji" and "Delse Lake" hybrids are not only sweeter than their fathers, but also have a strong yellow peach flavor. The taste of the peach is the best in strawberry, and it is also resistant to storage and transportation. It remains in good condition in the refrigerator for a week without deterioration. The disadvantage is that the fruit is too small, and the yield is low compared with other Jingxiang cultivars.
â—† Jingang Tibetan incense is a new strawberry variety that is selected from the parental line of “early light†and the “red faceâ€. Under the condition of solar greenhouse in Beijing, mature in early January, the fruit is conical or wedge-shaped, red, shiny, scented, resistant to storage and transportation, moderate acidity and sweetness, strong aroma, continuous ability to produce results, high yield and resistance to gray mold Disease, resistance to powdery mildew.
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