The pruning of apple trees is very important for the coming year. Xiao Bian's mistakes that farmers tend to make are summarized as follows:
Misunderstanding 1: Only heavy cut winter, ignore summer cut.
This practice can easily lead to a summer tree full of apple trees and a vicious circle of scars in winter. In fact, the winter cut is the continuation of the summer cut, the summer cut is done well, and the winter cut has almost nothing to do. The timely summer cut can save a lot of nutrition and promote flower bud differentiation; if the summer cuts are put in place, the tree vigor is relatively stable, which can ensure high yield and stable production.
Misunderstanding 2: Heavy cut light pull.
That is, pulling branches late, open angle is not in place. At present, there is a widespread phenomenon of severe canopy closure in apple producing areas. The reason is that the laziness is too late and the angle is not open. The correct approach is that in the second year after planting, the base angle of branches should be opened; when the length of the branches reaches 40% of the plant spacing, the branches should be pulled into 80 to 90 degrees in time, which is a good construction of trees. The key to body structure.
Misunderstanding 3: Can not afford to branch.
Some trees have six or seven branches underneath. It was particularly crowded and the light deteriorated. As a result, the internal branches of the main branch were left to die. The result was a serious relocation of the site. The outside of the large branch had been stretched to the “illegal†space, causing a dilemma for the space to be left. To solve this problem, it is necessary to phase out, in batches, in accordance with the principle of "advancement of the inferior and eliminating the inferior," and to remove excess large branches and use the side branches of the remaining main branches to occupy space.
Misunderstanding 4: The tree is too high and the trunk is too low.
Trees that are too tall are generally five years into the full fruit period, and they should be dropped. The height of the tree should be adjusted to 3 to 3.5 meters. Generally it cannot be higher than 80% of the row spacing. The trunk height should generally be 80 to 100 cm. If it is too low, it should be gradually increased, replacing the lower branch with the upper branch. After the fruit trees are planted, they must select the appropriate site to retain the first layer of branches. The following are firmly erased to prevent future problems.
Myth 5: The construction of the tree and the line spacing are not adapted.
Planted dense, but the choice is a large crown tree, resulting in the existing row spacing can not accommodate the tree, the orchard has a severe canopy closure. This is also an important reason for the failure of dense planting in some orchards. To prevent this from happening, firstly, when designing an orchard, we should understand the characteristics of the varieties we are planting, choose suitable spacings, and forcibly use the Qiaoguan variety to plant dense plants. Without high technical support, it is difficult to succeed. The second is that in the shaping process, plastic surgery is strictly carried out according to the tree structure model suitable for dense planting. Now that there has been a phenomenon of depression, attention should be given to cultivating the new shoots that are issued on the trunk, and branches should be opened in time. After a certain number of short branches are formed, the long branches are removed in time. For large branches that cannot be renewed, on the one hand, the growth direction and angle should be adjusted. In the middle and posterior parts, the retracting lead branches should be cultivated, and the retraction should be carried out to circumcision to promote its front-end results. After the forces of growth, retract and remove the front end.
Misunderstanding 6: The apple tree retracted and shrank.
The retraction of the large branches can not be dumped, and the withdrawal of the small turtles can easily cause the branches to rejuvenate and cause the wound to heal. The thickness of the base left on the retraction site should not be less than 1/3 of the incision at the place of birth.
Misunderstanding 7: Deal with improper handling of slash.
If the sparse annual branches are too high, it is tantamount to a severe short cut on the branch, which leads to severe summer stripping after clipping. When thinning, the cut should be close to the main branch or branch axis, the front part is slightly taller, the rear part is slightly lower, and the direction of the cut and the growth direction of the shoot is 10 degrees. For short cuts, the cut should be 0.5 centimeters away from the bud and slightly higher on the side of the bud, and do not leave the pile too long. When the branches are too long, it is easy to make the wound infected with dry rot, and the wound is not easy to heal. Also note that when pruning or sawing branches, do not use too much force, otherwise it is easy to cause premature splitting of the branches or internal chapping, injuring the cortex and affecting wound healing. Pay attention to the fact that the thinning can not be excessive, otherwise it will seriously affect the branching potential and tree vigor.
Misunderstanding 8: chaos heads, short cuts.
It was mainly due to the influence of sparsely planted giant tree pruning methods in the 1950s and 1960s. It was planted densely and planted trees, but it used the old techniques, resulting in an overcrowding that caused the tree to become strong and prosperous. For trees that use random headings, they should be replaced with slowness, appropriate thinning, emphasis on opening angles, with the summer ring cutting, circumcision measures, and promote its early results, with pressure on the crown. The results will be repaired later.
Misunderstanding 9: "Tiger opens his mouth" and the lower "pick wedge".
These two kinds of angle-opening methods are old and outdated methods, and are not suitable for the current dense planting and cultivation, in particular, they cannot be used for the susceptible strains of Fuji and Marshal. After the upper or lower opening is wounded, it is easy to infect the branch with trunk diseases, which quickly weakens the branches and loses the ability to produce results. Those who have adopted such a tactic should cultivate new renewed branches on the trunk as soon as possible, and promptly open their perspectives and replace the injured ones in due course.
Misunderstanding 10: Scissors, saws are not sterilized.
The prevalence of rot and dry rot has a lot to do with scissors and saw bacteria. Failure to pay attention to disinfection can cause serious consequences. The correct method is to remove the rot or dry rotten twigs and then immediately sterilize the pruning tools by fire or 5 times the 9281 sterilization; the cutting kerf should also be treated in time, which can be mixed with 1/15 thiophanate methyl Pure powder or sulphur powder oil smears the saw cut mouth.
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