As we all know, Apple wants to enter the field of health care, especially hardware, but the FDA review is a roadblock. Since an open and extensive collaborative meeting with the FDA in 2013, it has held regular meetings with the agency to conduct a dialogue with the FDA via telephone and email through the Freedom of Information Act. The foreign media mobihealthnews disclosed these emails for the first time.
Three years ago, the FDA first discussed the sensor business platform and program development review with Apple.
These emails began in December 2013 and show what reviews have been discussed by Apple and the FDA. According to mobihealthnews data, including the App Store review process, the 510(k) process, the ResearchKit application, and the diagnostic applications, it can be seen that Apple is working with the FDA in a passive “unregulated†manner. The FDA even invited Apple to participate in regular briefings designed to help guide and customize international medical software regulatory mechanisms.
Although most of the sensitive information in the email was edited, from the current email information, Apple highly valued the review of three medical devices : an application for diagnosing Parkinson's disease, two separate but related cardiac devices. This may also be the focus of Apple's future health care sector, and perhaps related equipment development.
An interesting detail is that after a large amount of news coverage between Apple and the FDA in 2013, the meetings and cooperation between the two parties took into account more confidentiality measures, such as mail records showing that the name and location of the meeting have changed, especially considering the senior officials. Keeping schedules confidential, such as Dr. Robert Califf, FDA Commissioner, and Dr. Jeffrey Shuren, Director of the FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health, their schedules are more easily captured by the public and may expose companies to more media. Review.
Considering more confidentiality measures, in December 2013, the media reported that Apple executives met with FDA officials and the details of the meeting were unknown. Representatives of Apple are Jeff Williams, Vice President of Advanced Operations, Bud Tribble, Vice President of Software and Technology, Tim Powderly, Administrative Advisor, and O'Reilly, the newly recruited top medical expert. The FDA attended the meeting with Jeff Jefferson, Director of the Center for Equipment and Radiation Health. Shuren, and Bakul Patel, who drafted the agency's Mobile Medical Application Guide.
There were two main speculations at the time. One guess was that Apple might ask for clear regulatory hurdles when FDA medical devices or applications were launched, or tried to introduce devices that could read the user's pulse (iWatch project) after interviewing the FDA. There will be setbacks. Because before being recruited by Apple, O'Reilly was the chief medical officer and executive vice president of medical affairs at Masimo Corporation, a pulse oximeter company.
Another hypothesis is that the content of the conference is discussed for upcoming medical projects such as ResearchKit and CareKit, and Apple is able to enjoy more freedom (the memo confirmed by Apple Toolbox in 2014 through its own FOIA request confirmed the guess).
But now we know that this meeting and some decentralized meetings held before the meeting are just the beginning of a long-term relationship. Almost all emails involve Bakul Patel (the FDA agency's Mobile Medical Application Guide was drafted). Shortly after the December 2013 meeting was exposed, Patel contacted Apple in an e-mail exchange between the two parties, only requesting further expansion of the FDA's initial discussion of the sensor business platform, and Apple's current review of developers' applications. Overview of the process.
Patel wrote in the email: "In order to strengthen our approach to promoting innovative medical technologies and protecting public health, I believe the FDA can benefit from working with industry leaders like Apple." Obviously, the FDA is embracing Apple's arrival. Optimistic and positive attitude.
Since the 21st century, as the network technology develops, there is more and more demand for the storage of video data via the network. And then the monitoring system has further developed into an NVR(Network Video Recorder) system with network functions, from the DVR(Digital Video Recorder) system.
The Network Video Recorder, also called the NVR/ Network Video Recorder NVR/ NVR in CCTV/ NVR CCTV System/ NVR Recorder, is the storage and forwarding part of the network video surveillance system. The Network Video Recorder, without the analog-to-digital conversion and encoding functions, works with the video encoders(DVS) or the network cameras(IPC) to realize the video recording, storage and forwarding functions.
Let's see the specific software functions of the Network Video Recorder:
1. The user interface layout
The NVR software interface (GUI) is a human-computer interaction window. All the functions of the system, such as these operations of the channel parameter setting, the start and stop recording, the video browsing, the video playback, the video export, the PTZ control, and so on, are completed through this user interface.
The user interface layouts of different NVR manufacturers may vary greatly, but the main functions are similar. Generally speaking, the human-machine interface should have the reasonable layout, the applicable functions, and the simple operation, so as to conform to the user's operating habits.
2. The video browsing function
Generally speaking, all the video and audio channels in the system (including the channels under other NVRs) can be added to and displayed on the NVR software platform. A clear structured channel resource directory tree can be formed on the GUI to directly perform the on-site video browsing operations, with no need to firstly log in and connect different NVRs to load different NVRs first. There are two ways to browse the on-site video. One way is to directly drag the corresponding channel on the left to the target window display area, and the other way is to select the display window first, and then enter the shortcut key of the channel on the keyboard and press Enter.
3. The recording and storage function
The recording and storage function supports the video recording, storage, and backup.
4. The playback and export function
(1) The multiple playback modes
The video playback has a variety of modes, including the playback in time periods, fast playback of the alarm videos, and reverse playback at any time, and so on. During the playback, the user can play the video frame by frame, and also can add markers to the playback clips, so that he/she can find the corresponding clip he/she need easily when he/she needs in the future. Besides, various operations such as the normal playback, accelerated playback, slow-down playback, pause, and stop, can be performed during playback.
(2) The video export
(3) The multi-channel playback
If some on-site incidents occur, in order to fully know the situation of the surrounding scenes at that monitoring point, sometimes it is necessary to synchronize the playback of the videos from multiple channels, which will facilitate the panoramic display of the entire process of the event.
5. The incident investigation
6. The user authority management
7. The user operation log
8. The equipment management
In conclusion, the Network Video Recorder technology has been widely promoted and applied to the fields of urban security storage, national security and other engineering projects, because of its own advantages in many aspects. And the Network Video Recorder technology is bound to become the mainstream technology in the field of urban security high-definition video surveillance because of the driving of the market, technology, and so on. Undoubtly, the Network Video Recorder technology has very strong prospects for the theoretical research and practical application.
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