Water and fertilizer are the two most active factors in the cotton production measures. The regulation and promotion of water and fertilizer has a very important role in determining cotton production. However, some cotton farmers are unrealistic. In order to pursue higher cotton yields and higher cotton-planting benefits, blindly fertilize and fertilize them, resulting in a decline in cotton yields. Even after some water and fertilizer in cotton fields are extensively dead, lighter ones reach 10%, and the others 50%, economic losses are very serious. The cause of dead seedlings: salt damage. Chemical fertilizers are mostly composed of various salts, so when they are applied to the soil, they increase the salt concentration in the soil solution and produce different osmotic pressures. If the osmotic pressure of the soil solution is higher than the cytoplasmic osmotic pressure due to large-scale application of chemical fertilizers, the cells not only cannot absorb water from the soil solution, but instead reverse the moisture in the cytoplasm into the soil solution, which results in death of the cotton victim. Alkali damage. In high-pH soils, when the local pH value is high due to application of urea, soil nitrification is inhibited, and high-concentration N03-accumulation may occur, which may cause certain damage to crops. Irrigation water quality is not good. At present, the biggest problem in the irrigation of cotton is that it does not carry out reasonable irrigation in strict accordance with the laws of cotton growth and development and water demand, but flood irrigation and blind indiscriminate irrigation, and the phenomena of flooding and seedling flooding increase the groundwater level. Combined with poor underground runoff and high salinity, severe secondary salinization occurs in the soil under severe evaporating conditions. A large amount of salt accumulates in the root-concentrated area and suffers a strong poisonous effect, eventually leading to the death of cotton. Fertilization is unscientific and unreasonable. Urea is hydrolysed in the summer under the action of urease and then converted into (NH4)2CO3 or NH4HC03. Under the influence of high temperature, especially at high pH, ​​the urea will rapidly decompose into ammonia gas. With less ions, a large amount of NH3 is volatilized to produce ammonia poisoning, which not only results in loss of ammonia, but also causes cotton seedlings to die. Measures to be taken: Strengthen land leveling. In saline-alkali soil, soil inequality directly affects the redistribution of soil moisture and salt, and the inhomogeneity of salt content in the soil is related to the preservation of crops. Therefore, doing a good job in the leveling of the land is to ensure the precision irrigation, even irrigation, reduce the loss of field water, eliminate salt and alkali spots, and treat the saline-alkali base. Add organic fertilizer and implement straw return. Take agricultural measures, increase the application of organic fertilizers such as oil residues, implement straw returning to the field, planting alfalfa and oil sunflower green manure, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and consolidate the effect of soil desalination. Irrigation matching, salt wash pressure alkali. Control the amount of water diversion, dredge row of alkali canal system, drain saline-alkali water, make salinization area, especially the heavy-alkalization area, have irrigation and drainage, source of irrigation, drain out, combine irrigation and drainage, lower groundwater level, accelerate soil Desalination and desalination. Soil testing, balanced fertilization, improved fertilization methods. The use of soil nutrient content and cotton water requirement laws and quantities for recommended fertilization not only saves labour and saves fertilizer, but also increases the utilization rate of fertilizers. It also achieves the purpose of increasing efficiency and increasing farmers' income. Can not blindly rely on fertilizer input to increase cotton yields. In the fertilization method, the combination of full-layer fertilization and top dressing is used. N fertilization, whether as top-dressing or base fertilizer, should be applied in depth and should not be applied to the surface in large quantities. Large-scale promotion of high-tech water-saving technologies. Change flood irrigation to drip irrigation for excellent irrigation. According to the cotton water requirement law and the soil moisture status, timely and appropriate irrigation can be carried out to increase the uniformity of irrigation, meet the water demand of cotton at different growth stages, avoid rising of groundwater, restrain the development of soil secondary salinization, and reduce soil The salt in the surface layer creates a good environment for cotton root growth and development.
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