With the development of the national economy, people's living standards have been greatly improved, so the requirements for food quality are getting higher and higher. At present, food safety has become a focus of widespread concern in the society. Therefore, organic vegetables have emerged as a result. Next, let's take a look at the analysis of organic vegetable cultivation techniques.
First, the choice of organic vegetables
In the cultivation of organic vegetables, the selection of organic vegetables is a key step. When selecting organic vegetable varieties, the natural and original nature of the seeds should be ensured first. The selected vegetable seeds should not have any genetically modified ingredients, nor should they be treated by any chemical technology or physical technology. Secondly, the selected organic vegetable seeds must undergo strict quality inspection, exclude the defects of the seeds themselves, select seeds with strong resistance to external factors and strong resistance to pests and diseases, and ensure that the germination rate of the seeds exceeds 95%. Finally, when selecting the seeds of organic vegetables, we must also consider the climatic conditions of the area where the seeds are located, and select the seeds that meet the growth requirements of organic vegetables, such as rainwater and light.
Second, the choice of organic vegetable planting
(1) Choosing a complete plot
The organic vegetable planting base must be complete. When selecting the organic vegetable planting site, the whole land should be selected to ensure that the entire region is planted with organic vegetables, and all the traditional conventional production sites are excluded. However, in organic vegetable plots, plots for organic conversion can be retained. The plots of organic vegetables must be clearly divided with the conventionally produced plots, and clearly marked at the junction, such as the isolation zone, or isolated by natural rivers to avoid mixing of conventional planting plots with organically planted plots.
(2) Having a conversion period
In the cultivation of organic vegetables, some plots are in a state of conversion from conventional production to organic conversion. This organically transformed plot generally requires a certain conversion period, and the vegetables in the transition period cannot be used as organic vegetables to enter the market, only after the conversion period. The harvested vegetables can be called organic vegetables in the strict sense. The date of the conversion period is strictly regulated. The start date is generally calculated from the date the grower applies for certification from the relevant certification body, and ends when the organic conversion period is completed. When the grower applies for certification, the plots in the conversion period should be planted in full accordance with the planting standards for organic vegetables.
(iii) Establishing a buffer zone
In order to avoid the contamination of organic vegetable plots by conventionally produced plots, organically planted plots will create buffer zones to protect the planting base from interference. These buffer zones are generally physical barriers of unequal length and are organically grown. The demarcation between the block and the conventional production plot. The length of the buffer zone generally has strict requirements. The certification bodies of different countries have different requirements for the length of the buffer zone. The Organic Food Development Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China requires a buffer zone length of 8 meters.
Third, organic vegetable cultivation management
(1) Rotation
In the cultivation of organic vegetables, we should pay attention to the use of rotation planting mechanism, which can ensure that the nutrients in the soil of the planting area will not be damaged, and the absorption of soil nutrients by crops can be more balanced. The use of rotation for planting techniques not only improves the soil environment, but also reduces the threat of pests and diseases to the growth of crops. Taking an organic vegetable planting base as an example, the base will adopt three crops for rotation in the same plot. In each rotation, the technicians will clear the base, effectively reduce the base of pests and diseases, and maintain the green health of the base.
(2) Cleaning the countryside
In the cultivation of organic vegetables, we must pay attention to the control of weed growth. The weeds in the organic planting area will absorb the soil nutrients of the planting base, so that the growth space of the organic vegetables is limited. Therefore, the technicians should pay attention to the weeding work during the cultivation period, and use the artificial alfalfa to inhibit the growth of the weeds. In addition to artificial weeding methods, it is also possible to use weed film covering, straw covering, etc. to inhibit weed growth and help organic vegetables grow healthily.
(3) Supporting technology
The supporting cultivation technology is implemented on the basis of the rotation technology of organic vegetables. It is usually effective in utilizing climatic conditions such as light and rain, so that the organic vegetable base has a healthy and green growth environment, thereby obtaining higher yield.
Fourth, the selection of fertilizer for organic vegetables
(1) Fertilization method
Fertilizer application of organic vegetables is treated harmlessly. The harmless treatment is mainly carried out in the form of compost, so that the fertilizer is fully fermented in the case of accumulation, thereby reducing the disease of the fertilizer itself. In the application of fertilization, we must grasp the principle of moderateness, neither apply excessive amount of base fertilizer, destroy the composition of the soil, cause burning of the roots of organic vegetables, or apply too little fertilizer, so that the nutrients of the soil cannot satisfy the organic vegetables. Growth requirements. When the grower is fertilizing, it is necessary to fully combine the actual conditions of the planting base soil and scientifically use the fertilizer.
(2) Topdressing method
Top dressing is carried out on the basis of the application of the base fertilizer. When the base fertilizer is applied, the release of nutrients in the soil takes a certain amount of time, so it is focused on topdressing organic vegetables. The time of topdressing work should generally refer to the stage of growth of organic vegetables. Generally, when organic vegetables grow out of leaves, they can be topdressed. The growers should rationally fertilize according to the varieties of vegetables, and organically mix different fertilizers.
5. Pest control of organic vegetables
There are three main forms of pest control for organic vegetables, namely artificial control, biological control and physical control. The main means of artificial control are crop rotation and reasonable fertilization, and seeds with strong resistance to pests and diseases are selected before cultivation. Biological control is the main method for the prevention and control of organic vegetable pests and diseases. It is mainly used to place natural enemies of pests in the base, or to control insects and bacteria to prevent diseases. The physical control is mainly based on machinery, mainly using high-pressure mercury lamps, high-temperature suffocating sheds and other means to induce pests and bacteria.
In short, it is necessary to explore the cultivation techniques of organic vegetables. This paper mainly discusses the cultivation techniques of organic vegetables from the aspects of variety selection, planting site selection, cultivation management, fertilizer selection and pest control. Research can be found that organic vegetables can effectively improve current social food safety issues and promote the sustainable development of China's agricultural economy. The current market demand for organic vegetables is increasing, and the exploration of organic vegetable cultivation techniques can further increase the yield and quality of vegetables and meet market needs.
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