Lemon green planting technology lemon common pests and diseases and killing methods [Figure]

Lemon is an important raw material for processing green products. It is a citrus plant of the genus Rutaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia. Its main producing areas are the United States, Italy, Spain and Greece. It is also cultivated in Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi. It has a high Planting value, currently the most widely cultivated variety in the world is Ulrich, let's take a look at the lemon planting technology video!

Lemon planting conditions Lemon is warm, yin-resistant, cold-resistant, and afraid of heat. Therefore, it is suitable for cultivation in subtropical regions with warm winter and cool summer, warm winter, and small annual temperature difference, suitable for annual average temperature of 17-19 °C. Greater than or equal to 10 ° C, annual effective accumulated temperature 5200 ~ 6500 ° C, January average temperature 6 ~ 8 ° C, extreme low temperature greater than -3 ° C, annual rainfall of 1200 ~ 1500 mm, annual sunshine hours greater than 1200 hours can be cultivated .

In areas where the annual average temperature is less than 17 °C, areas with short-term low temperature of -5 °C and periodic freezing damage are not suitable for economic cultivation in open fields. The soil and topography are not strict, and the flat land and hilly slopes are suitable for cultivation, but the soil is deep, loose, rich in organic matter, moisturizing and fertility, good drainage, low groundwater level, and slightly acidic soil with pH value of 5.5-6.5. For the best.

Lemon seedling reproduction 1, reproduction: Lemon breeding methods are divided into sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction is cultivated from seeds, also known as seedlings. Asexual reproduction is cultivated from some vegetative organs of lemon. It is also called vegetative reproduction. There are methods such as grafting, cutting, layering and tissue culture. Among them, grafting is the most common. Grafting is divided into several types, such as cutting, abdomen and bud.

2. Site preparation: It is advisable to choose a land with loose soil, fertile soil and good drainage. In autumn and winter, the plant spacing is 3×4 meters, and about 56 trees are planted in the acre. The hilly mountains can be dug deep and wide 0.8m wide, and the lowland planting can be shallower. Each hole is filled with soil fertilizer, 50 kg of compost, 0.5 kg of lime, mixed with 0.5 kg of superphosphate, mixed with topsoil and applied to the pit, and the top layer is fully decomposed with 5-10 kg of pork and beef. When filling back the pit, To be 20 to 30 meters above the surface, a 0.8 m tree tray.

3, planting: in areas with even rain distribution or water conservancy conditions, easy irrigation, can be planted all year round, generally lemon planting period is divided into spring planting (2 to 3 months) and autumn planting (9 to October), selected Planting on a cloudy day, after doubling the root water, the grass is moisturized, and then the water is often watered to keep the soil moist.

Lemon orchard management

1. Fertilizer and water management: In the first year and the second year after planting the saplings, nitrogen fertilizer is applied as top dressing to promote the formation of crowns, but in the future, nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled to increase the application of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus compound fertilizers. In the autumn, organic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer, combined with the topdressing of roots in the growing season, strengthening the nutrition of the tree, promoting flower bud formation and flowering.

Lemon fruit tree fertilization focuses on the flowering period and the autumn shoot period. Fertilizer can be applied to mature bran or human excrement, and often combined with growth and urea and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Topdressing adopts the method of thin fertilizer and multiple application, that is, multiple times, in order to prevent loss. Lemons should not be drought-tolerant or watered or irrigated.

2, cultivating and weeding: In the dry season in summer and autumn, it is necessary to carry out cultivating before the drought to keep the soil loose and reduce water evaporation. Generally, it is cultivated 3 to 4 times a year, and the depth is 10 to 15 cm, so as to minimize the root damage. In the summer, legume green manure can be planted between the fruit trees to prevent soil erosion. The weeds under the canopy should be removed and the weeds covered the canopy.

3, pruning pruning: lemon saplings grow vigorously, flowering is strong, and easy to occur in the branches and branches of the branches, disturbing the tree shape, therefore, the plastic trimming of the lemon needs to use rope hanging, pulling the main branch, Make the secondary main branch not bend. The buds on the backbone branches are often erased. The lemon grows vigorously. It should be light and not heavy when trimming. Leave more branches and leaves, and the principle of penetrating a small amount of sunlight in the canopy. In spring, summer and autumn, the main branches of the apprentices are topped or short-cut in time. In winter, the main points are cut off, the dead branches and the resulting branches.

4, preserved fruit and fruit: lemon has a long-term characteristics, the results tree can be controlled by means of roots, water control, branch cutting and other means. It can also be sprayed 2 to 3 times in the pre-growth stage of paclobutrazol 500 times solution to inhibit the growth of shoot shoots, or spray in the early autumn of September to October to promote flower bud formation.

For the result tree, 10 to 15 kg of decomposed bran water and 1 to 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer can be applied 20 days before the flowering period. When the flower is 3/4 and the young fruit appears, the root dressing should be carried out. 0.3% urea + 0.3 can be used. % potassium dihydrogen phosphate, or 0.3% urea + 5 to 7 mg / liter of 2,4-D solution, or sprayed with 50 mg / liter of Qibao "9:20" canopy, spray once every 20 days, 2 to 3 times in a row can significantly improve the fruit setting rate.

For boron-deficient orchards, 0.1-0.2% borax can be sprayed during flower bud differentiation, and sprayed once again after Xiehua. In the case of continuous rain in the spring, it is necessary to pay attention to the shaking of the petals, accelerate the turning of the young fruit, and prevent the young leaves from being damaged by the leaf roller moth.

Lemon pest control

1. Diseases: Lemon trees mainly include anthrax, scab, gum disease, foot rot, maculopathy, brown spot and so on. Strengthen cultivation management, pay attention to irrigation and drainage, increase the application of organic fertilizer, and time cutting and pruning to avoid orchard closure. The prevention and treatment of gum disease and foot rot is to first remove the diseased department, and apply the diseased part with nail cream lead copper or ethyl phosphate aluminum solution, once every 7 to 10 days. Other diseases are mainly sprayed once a month from April to September, and M-45 (which can be mixed with other pesticides). When you are sick, you can add Xiansheng or Xinsheng.

2, cockroaches: artificial predation cockroaches, orchard between the hustle and so on, should pay attention to prevent or use less Bordeaux or stone sulphur mixture, as well as a broad-spectrum fungicide, in order to prevent the killing of natural enemies. After picking the fruit and before the spring shoots in the second year, spray 0.5% of the fruit 500 times solution to eliminate the overwintering eggs and treat other pests.

When the spring shoots are about 2 cm long and the young leaves are stretched, the time is about in late March. Every 7 to 10 days, the annual leaves of the lemon are investigated once, when the eggs are up to 200/100 leaves, or there are leaves. When it reaches 50%, it should be sprayed in time, and then sprayed when the number of sputum reaches 600/100 leaves.

The agent should use 0.5-dimensional multi-force 2000 times liquid, or 5% Nisolon 2000 times liquid, or 15% Daxiling 2000 times liquid, or red cockroach 3000 times liquid, 螨克 1000-1500 times liquid and the like. When the density of rust in summer and autumn reaches an average of 2 to 3 heads per field of view (10 times portable magnifying glass), or when a few black rind and individual leaf tips appear in individual trees, the rust spots should be smeared.

3, flower buds: according to pests and diseases report, the use of adult worms just did not fly immediately, the first opportunity to crawl on the ground, or in the bud (flower buds white like mung bean size), or flower buds just white, adult worms quickly emerged Spray. For each acre, you can choose 25 kilograms of 25 carbaryl powder, or 1.5 kilograms of trichlorfon powder, 1.5 kilograms of dried fine loess, 30 to 35 kilograms of powder. It can also be sprayed on the ground with 2.5% enemy killing 2000~2500 times liquid or 20% Chinese and Western killing pyrethroid 3000~4000 times liquid, once every 7 to 10 days, even spraying twice.

4, scale insects: in the nymph hatching period, apply 2 to 3 times, the drug can choose 70% Emerald 6000 ~ 10000 times liquid, or 3% Mobilan 2000 ~ 2500 times liquid, 螨 1000 1000 ~ 1500 times Liquid, 48% lesbian 1000 with liquid, pineine mixture 15 ~ 20 times liquid. It is necessary to cut off the insect branches, dry branches and closed branches.

5, whitefly: combined with winter pruning, cut off weak branches and sprouting branches and insect branches, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. Reduce the number of wintering insect populations. In the 1-2 days old nymph, the chemical control is carried out. For the type and concentration of the drug, see the scale insects. Protection and utilization of natural enemies, natural enemies of whitefly pests include parasitic bacteria, parasitic wasps and predatory natural enemies. When controlling pests and diseases, pay attention to selecting agents that are less harmful to beneficial organisms.

6, Swallowtail: When the larvae are not much, the eggs can be removed and the larvae can be killed. When the larvae occur for a long time, the drug is sprayed at the peak of 2 to 3 years of age. The agent can use 20% to kill the pyrethroid 2000 times solution or 2.5% kungfu 3000 to 4000 times.

7, the leaf miner: mainly to remove the sporadic early hair, the hair is not neatly pointed, focus on the shoot to reduce the number of insect base. When the new shoots are found to be taken out, when the rate of damage to the shoots reaches 5%, or when the rate of shoots is 30%, the spray starts. 1 time every 7 to 10 days, even spray 2 to 3 times. The medicine can be selected from 7% Amy Lok 1000-1500 times liquid, or 0.5% Vitalid 800 times liquid, 2.5% kungfu 2000-3000 times liquid, 20% hirudin emulsifiable oil 800 times liquid and the like.

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