Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture announced that it is expected that the 2017 wheat scab disease will continue to show a pandemic trend in the Yangtze River Valley, Jianghuai, and Huanghuai wheat areas. It needs to implement a prevention and control area of ​​nearly 200 million mu. Therefore, this year, the farmers who grow wheat have to focus on the prevention and control of the damage caused by head blight. The following misunderstandings must not be ignored!
One: Feel lucky about the occurrence of head blight and rely on old experience to solve new problems.
Wheat scab is a typical climatic disease caused by several species of Fusarium fungi. Its epidemic is affected by various factors such as the amount of bacteria, variety resistance, agro-ecological environment, and cultivation and management measures. In the prevention and control of mildew, we must look at “see the heavens, see the seedlings, and look at the landâ€. We must consider the pathogenetic factors in a comprehensive manner. There are farmers who cannot comprehensively consider the above factors, and do not fully understand the symptoms, epidemics, and risk factors of head blight. Only relying on the old experience to focus on changes in the weather (rain and temperature), while ignoring the factors affecting the field humidity and species differences, although there is no large-scale disease, but also caused the occurrence of diseases, affecting the wheat yield and quality The improvement.
Two: Retreatment of light defense, see the medication, miss the best period of prevention and treatment.
Fusarium head blight in wheat can be prevented from being ruled out, and prevention should be the main method. Active defense and traditional treatment of retreatment of light defense are not conducive to the prevention and control of head blight. At the same time, the choice of drug application period in the process of disease prevention will directly affect the level of efficacy. Numerous data indicate that the period of application of head blight is heading from "heading period to flowering period." Within such a long period of drug use, there are significant differences in the effects of drug use at different time periods. Some farmers chose to use drugs at the booting stage or at the end of Yanghua period, and even after seeing the pink mold layer, they did not take good control of the best period of control, and the control effect was relatively low. Through field surveys, it was found that the best period for prevention and treatment was when wheat reached 5% full bloom. At the same time, there are several situations that must be fully considered: sunny days at heading, high temperatures, wheat heading and flowering at heading, medication at full heading, low temperature at heading, less sunshine, and wheat flowering after heading, and should be used during the initial flowering period. Heading period of rainy weather, even when the weather is hot, the spraying may occur sooner rather than later, do not wait until when the weather is fine or when the flower is sprayed, the rain should be repeatedly sprayed and controlled; if the use of good suction The period of long-lasting potency control can be advanced to the ear of wheat.
Third, blindly select agents, ignoring the problems of drug resistance and complementary mechanisms of action.
At present, there are 248 pesticides registered for the control of wheat and wheat scab in the Ministry of Agriculture (as of March 2013). Among them, carbendazim (97 registration certificates), thiophanate-methyl (50 registration certificates), polyketide (35 registration certificates), and Fumei Shuang (21 registration certificates) accounted for the largest number of registrations. 81.85% of the total number of registration certificates In recent years, peasants have generally complained that carbendazim is unsatisfactory, and the effect of other pharmaceutical agents is also not good. It is not possible to eliminate the problem of the quality of some pharmaceutical agents. The relationship between resistant strains should also be taken into account and farmers should also be considered. There is a close relationship between the use of agents that have different mechanisms of action during the administration of the drug.
The spraying of carbendazim and other benzimidazole fungicides is one of the key measures for preventing and controlling wheat scab in China since the middle of the 20th century. It is advisable to pay active attention to new varieties such as tebuconazole, prochloraz (Zammi), cyanocastrobin (Jinhu), etc. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the correct mixture of different mechanisms of action and to ensure that the drugs used have the multiple functions of systemic treatment and protection eradication, and completely prevent the spread of diseases.
Four: The small amount of water used for the mu is not conducive to the exertion of efficacy.
Through the visit, it was learned that some wheat farmers used conventional sprayers to spray more than 15 liters of water per mu, and even less were only 10 liters. Such a small amount of water consumption would affect the normal exertion of drug efficacy. In order to ensure efficacy, if using a conventional sprayer, the amount of water per mu should be between 45 liters and 60 liters, or the drug efficacy assurance agent such as shampoo should be added.
Five: Can not correctly grasp the number of medications.
There are no fixed standards for the number of medications, and the factors such as the amount of bacteria, incidence, and the effect of chemical control should be taken into consideration. It is necessary to carry out two preventions and controls for land masses with heavy onset in previous years, and pay attention to supplemental spraying after the rain for the first time. It is not good to take remedial measures in a timely manner. The use of a second dose should be applied about 7 days after the first dose, which can better control the spread of germs and reduce losses.
A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of head blight disease, grasping the law of the disease, seizing the best period of prevention and treatment, and choosing the right medicine for prevention and treatment can minimize the loss of disease.
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