1. Apple trees have many flower buds. In order to reduce flower buds and improve ventilation and light conditions, remove or retract improperly located auxiliary branches and large backbone branches. Sparse fruiting branches or groups of fruiting branches that are too dense. The outer extension branches should be cut at the place where the buds are full, and the redundant annual branches under it should be appropriately cut off.
The inner chamber develops branches every year. Except for the extra-long short sections, it is generally cut lightly or not to form a certain number of flower buds for a young year.
2. Reduce flower buds and increase reserve branches. In winter, re-pruning the fruit branches, renewing the branch group, shortening the medium and long fruit branches, increasing the proportion of leaf buds, "replace flowers with flowers", in order to form sufficient flower buds for the next year.
When there are too many flower buds, a batch of senile short fruit branches and branch groups should be rejuvenated. After pruning, the ratio of flower buds to leaf buds should be around 1:3.
3. Apple trees have many flower buds, which are not easy to distinguish in winter, and can be re-cut when the flower buds swell in spring. Remove excess flower buds so that the new year will not be too big.
4. For apple trees with strong growth potential, if there are too many fruits, the central stem or part of the base of the large branches can be circumscribed once from late May to early June to promote the formation of flower buds.
5. For sturdy annual growth shoots and flower-prone varieties, long shoots can form flower buds in the same year, so more shoots and fewer cuts are needed to lay the foundation for the next year.
For the varieties that are not easy to form flower buds, it is not easy to form flower buds in the first year of long branching. Generally, they need to be long-termed for two consecutive years. They can only bloom and bear fruit in the third three years. They can be short-cut in the new year and will be treated as appropriate in the coming year.
The strong branches that have been grown for a year in the young year should be continuously grown to promote the formation of flower buds and wait until the young year to bear fruit.
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Epichlorohydrin (ECH)
Epichlorohydrin, 3-Chloro-1, 2 - epoxypropene, chloropropylene oxide ,ECH .
Molecular Formula: CH2OCHCH2Cl, C3H5OCl
Properties: It is a volatile, unstable colorless liquid with irritating odor similar to chloroform and ether. Molecular weight is 92.85, density, 1.1806g/cm3, boiling point, 116.11°C, freezing point, -57.2°C, refractive index (nd20), 1.4382, flash point (open cup), 40.6°C, and ignition point, 415°C. It is slightly soluble in water, miscible with many organic solvents, and able to generate azeotrope with a variety of organic liquids.
Main Applications:
Epichlorohydrin is an important organic industrial chemical and a chlorine-consuming product in fine chemicals, mainly for producing epoxy resin, synthetic glycerin, epichlorohydrin rubber, nitroglycerine explosives, glass fiber reinforced plastics, and electrical insulation products, which are widely used in the chemical industry, light industry, transportation, medicine, electronics and other fields. It also can be used as solvent for cellulose ester, resin, and cellulose ether, and the raw material of plasticizer, stabilizer, surfactant, and chloroprene rubber.
Toxicity and Protection: It is highly toxic, absorbed through the skin, and irritating to skin and mucous membranes. In higher concentrations, it has the function of narcotism. When poisoning occurs, there will be eye irritation, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, lacrimation, cough, fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders, nausea and other symptoms. Serious poisoning may lead to anesthesia or even lung, liver or kidney damages. Lethal concentration of human beings is 20ppm. Lethal dose of rat is 5090mg/kg. The maximum allowable concentration in air is 5ppm (18mg/m3). Production equipment needs to be closed, air, circulating, and the operator, wear protective equipment. In addition, due to intense auto polymerization, epichlorohydrin can not be heated in the fire in case of container burst. As for reaction as reagent, it is appropriate to be diluted with inert solvent and slowly added.
Packaging, Storage and Transport:
As ferric chloride or stannic chloride can promote auto polymerization, epichlorohydrin should be stored in dry, clean iron barrel, 200kg each, and kept in a cool, ventilated, and dry place, away from fire and heat. Store and transport in accordance with the provisions of flammable toxic substances.
EPICHLOROHYDRIN SPECIFICATION DATA SHEET
|
ITEMS |
GUARANTEED SPEC |
|
PURITY% (m/m)≥ |
99.9 |
|
DENSITY g/cm3 |
1.180-1.183 |
|
COLOR(pt-co)≤ |
10 |
|
MOISTURE%(m/m)≤ |
0.05 |
Epichlorohydrin (Ech),Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8,99.9% Epichlorohydrin,High Quality Epichlorohydrin
Shandong Tiancheng Chemical Co., Ltd. , https://www.tianchengchemical.com