Effects of High Temperature on Hatching Effect of Goose Breeding Eggs of Different Embryo Ages

Goose hatching requires appropriate environmental conditions, the most important of which is the ambient temperature. Due to the suitable incubation temperature and the variety of geese, the size of the eggs, the age of the geese, the preservation time of the eggs, the type of incubator and other factors, it is generally believed that the suitable temperature of the geese is 38.2°C, and the temperature of the hatcher is relatively low, generally 36.8°C. The incubation temperature is very high, the metabolism of embryos is strong, the more water is produced, the more eggs lose water, the hatching rate is reduced, and hatching is advanced. At the same relative humidity, the hatching rate decreased by 10% for every 0.56 °C increase in incubation temperature. It is generally believed that a short period of high temperature does not have a significant effect on the hatching effect. A temporary high temperature has less effect on embryos before 18 days of incubation than embryos over 18 days, because the embryos themselves produce heat after 18 embryo ages. The high temperature above 42.2°C has a severe effect on the hatching effect. At this time, not only the effect of high temperature, but also the effect of insufficient ventilation, most studies on the high temperature during the incubation process are concentrated slightly higher than the suitable incubation temperature. Within the range, few studies have reported on the effects of hyperthermia (above 42.2°C) on hatching. In the production of hatching temperature is less than 42.2 °C rare. Due to the cost, it is impossible to make large-scale experiments under experimental conditions. The author had the honour of meeting this situation in a recent accident and conducting summary reports. This not only has important value for the theory, but also has important guiding significance for hatchery production. 1 Materials June 18, 2003, the local maximum temperature of 27 °C, wind 1 to 2 levels. In a local hatchery, there were 1 incubator filled with 4 embryonic goose eggs, which were 2 embryos (4 groups), 9 embryos (3 groups), 14 embryos (2 groups) and 24 embryos ( Group 1), 5 groups of hatching eggs after the accident, as a control group. At 9:50 in the morning, the machine was abnormal, but it did not cause the hatcher to pay attention until it was found at 16:20 that the temperature had reached 42.2°C. The incubator opened the door to one seam and repaired it. After eliminating the bellows failure after 20 minutes, the temperature in the cabinet dropped to 38°C. Because some fans were used normally, the temperature did not rise too high, and the higher temperature of 42°C continued 6 Hours or so. Taking into account the high temperature, the incubation period was appropriately shortened and the hatching was performed on the 6th day of incubation. 2 Results and analysis The hatching effect of 5 batches of goose eggs was given. It can be seen that the influence of high temperature on the hatching of goose eggs, and the extent and aspects of the influence of eggs of different embryonic ages are different. 2.1 The high temperature shortened the incubation period. On June 20th, eggs of each incubator were hatched and the rate of stillbirth was high. Early development of the allantoic surrounding proteins occurred in the 3 groups, and both groups of proteins were almost used up. In particular, the most severe effects were observed in the first group. Early hatching resulted in a large number of weak chicks, dead chicks, and dead embryos. 2.2 The high temperature causes the dead sperm rate of the egg to rise. It can be seen that the fertilization rate of the four eggs is normal, and the fertilization rate is mainly affected by the non-incubation factors such as breeding geese performance and feeding management. Since the first group and the second group were completed before the accident, the final death rate was within the normal range. The main effect was the increase in stillbirth. The headlights of the 3rd and 4th groups were performed after the accident, and the death rate was significantly higher than the normal level. 2.3 High temperature causes a significant drop in hatching rate, and the greater the age of the embryo, the greater the impact. It can be seen that, compared with the normal hatching level, the hatching rate of goose embryos affected by high temperature is greatly reduced, and the quality of goose and chicks is seriously affected. The previous data say that the high temperature is generally below 41°C and is very short. Therefore, the impact on the hatching rate of hatching eggs is not serious. From the data, if the temperature is too high, it will be fatal to the development of the embryo. 2.4 High temperature causes the quality of hatching goslings to decline. Whether it is the pre-hatching egg or the post-hatching egg, the hyperthermia will cause the hatching goslings to be weak. Showed earlier shelling, but prolonged delay, villi adhesion, poor healing of the umbilical cord. During the feeding process, the activity was poor, and it was necessary to artificially assist in eating and the mortality rate was high. 3 Discussion The influence of high temperature on hatching for a long period of time is serious. Previously reported effects of high temperature and high temperature on the hatching rate are not contradictory. Incubating in the hot summer, if there is a machine failure and no other cooling measures, will seriously affect the hatching rate. A longer period of high temperature will increase the embryo’s mortality rate and decrease the activity, resulting in higher dead sperm rate, reduced hatching rate, reduced hatching quality, and premature hatching and delay. The effect of different embryonic ages on goose eggs was different. The more the older embryos were, the more severe the impact was and the lower the hatching rate was.

Sodium Hyaluronate is well known as the best [Natural Moisturizing Factor". In the early 1980s, the excellent moisturizing function of Sodium Hyaluronate has been widely concerned by international cosmetics industry. With its unique film-forming and hydrating characteristics, Sodium Hyaluronate is used as a highly effective humectants in cosmetics. It attracts moisture to the skin and hold moisture in the skin, which preserve skin smoothness, suppleness and elasticity. 1 gram of HA is able to retain up to 1000 gram of water. So it is regarded as the [key to the fountain of youth".

The effects are as follows:

(1) Moisturizing effect 
Moisturizing is the most important effect of Sodium Hyaluronate in cosmetics products. It can be hydrated shell in skin surface and make the corneum hydration and softening. Compared with other humectants, Sodium Hyaluronate is less effected by the environment as it has the highest hygroscopic capacity in a relatively low humidity (e.g., in a dry winter), but has the lowest hygroscopic capacity in a relatively high humidity (e.g., in a damp summer). This unique property of Sodium Hyaluronate makes the skin adapt to different seasons.
(2) Skin nutrition effect
Sodium Hyaluronate is the inherent biological materials of skin. The exogenous Sodium Hyaluronate can complement the endogenous Sodium Hyaluronate. Low molecular Sodium Hyaluronate can penetrate into dermis directly to improve the nutrient supply.
(3) Skin repair effect
There is some evidence that topically applied Sodium Hyaluronate can reduce skin irritation from various causes. During clinical trials it was also shown that this ingredient is effective in promoting healing and fighting inflammatory conditions of the skin. Sodium Hyaluronate serves as a free radical scavenger and antioxidant, helping to protect the skin from the aging effects of excessive sunlight exposure.
(4) Emollient and Film-forming
Sodium Hyaluronate is high polymer with high lubrication and film-forming. Sodium Hyaluronate contained in cosmetics creates protective film on the surface of skin, which retains moisture, and at the same time prevents moisture in the skin from evaporation, so that improves freshness of the skin.  
(5) Thickening
Sodium Hyaluronate solution have high viscosity, and 1% solution is gelatinous. It can be added to cosmetics to improve the thickening and stability.

 

Specification

Test Items	Standard
Appearance	White powder
Hyaluronic Acid	≥95%
Molecular weight	800Kda-2000Kda
PH	6.5-8.0
Solution transmittance	≥99.0%
Loss on drying	<10%
Protein	≤0.05%
Dynamie viscosity	Measuned value
Heavy metal	<20ppm
Bacterial counts	<100cfu/g
Mold and Yeast	<10cfu/g
Staphylococcus aureus	Can not be checkout
Chlorop seu domonas	Can not be checkout
Shelf Life	Two Years
Conclusion	The results meet the USP standard

 

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