When investigating the conditions of agricultural production in rural areas, pens often see some unusual phenomena in the production process of crops. For example, some wheats are relatively normal in their early growth and development, and they often fall down in the middle and late fertility stages. When it matures, the grain weight is significantly reduced; some cotton enters buds, blossoms, and grows soaring. This results in severe shade in the field. After the topdressing of cotton, there is an urgent wilting of the leaves; some cucumbers and peppers have diapause in the middle of their mid-to-middle development, and they have little flowering, small results, and even post-flowering infertility; some crops are shaded by fields and breed diseases and insect pests. Occurrence, with a common cause, is the damage caused by over-fertilization on crops, resulting in reduced yields and decreased quality.
Through comprehensive analysis of multiple surveys, it was found that in order to quickly seize high yields, some farmers frequently increase the amount of fertilizers they invest, regardless of whether they are producing crops or vegetables in the fields. As a result, they often do things contrary to their expectations and are counterproductive. From the perspective of the victimization of crops in various regions, the reasons are generally the following types:
The first is the excessive concentration of fertilizer. In general, the amount of fertilizer needed for vegetables is much larger than that for grain, cotton, oil, and other field crops, but the demand is also limited. If blind fertilizer is applied, the concentration of salt in the soil solution will reach 3,000 mg/kg of water. It will cause reverse osmosis in vegetables, resulting in "physiological drought," causing burns or stagnant crops.
The second is toxic gas damage. In field crops, there are few symptoms of gas poisoning, and there are gas poisoning damages in greenhouse vegetables. For example, if there is excessive application of organic fertilizer or bio-organic compound fertilizer that is not fully degraded in some greenhouses; Or ammonium chloride, etc., will produce ammonia in the conversion process, when the ammonia concentration in the greenhouse exceeds 5%, the vegetable leaves will appear damage, severe whole leaves wither, the roots turn brown and black.
The third is near-root fertilization damage. Some farmers believe that the more they apply fertilizer to the roots of crops or vegetables, the faster the fertilizer will be absorbed. Therefore, when fertilizing, the roots of the crop will be ditched or digged. As a result, the roots with the most active roots will be destroyed, hindering further development. Send new roots.
The fourth is the harm caused by imbalanced fertilization. When an element of fertilizer is excessive, it inhibits the use of another element, which is often referred to as antagonism.
In order to prevent the damage caused by fertilization to crops and vegetables in the fields, the following technical points should be mastered in fertilizing techniques.
First, measure soil fertilization, improve the level of balanced fertilization. Different soil nutrient status is not the same, according to the local soil survey data, nitrogen and nitrogen deficiency, phosphorus and potassium deficiency of phosphorus and potassium, provide full-yuan fertilizer for crop reproduction.
Second, increase organic fertilizer, improve soil fertility levels. In addition to nutrient content, soil fertility needs to have good moisture, temperature, ventilation, and fertilizer and fertility. Increasing organic fertilizer is the basis for improving soil fertility.
Third, use slow-release fertilizer to provide nutrients. Slow-release fertilizers, especially inorganic granular fertilizers with extended release agents, have a conversion process for the release of nutrients. Therefore, they should be used in combination to avoid or reduce fertilizer damage.
Fourth, limited fertilization, fertilization throughout. Fertilization of crops is manifested in the whole process of fertility, and fertilizers need to be applied in different stages. Fertilizers should be fertilized on demand in each growth stage.
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