The purpose of fruit tree pruning is mainly to cultivate a solid canopy skeleton, construct a reasonable individual and group structure, and coordinate the relationship between the above-ground and underground parts of the fruit tree, growth and results, aging and renewal, and thus help the fruit tree achieve preterm birth, high yield and stable yield. , high quality, longevity, and ease of management. During the dormancy period of winter fruit trees, tree nutrients have been returned to the roots for storage. Trimming branches has the lowest impact on tree vigor, which is beneficial to pruning. Different fruit trees are pruned differently, and different ages of pruning are different. I think the following points should be considered when doing a good winter fruit pruning:
First, consider pruning to reduce the incidence of pests orchards. With the increasing emphasis on the ecological environment, green fruits have become the preferred target for purchase. To achieve this goal, the reduction of the use of chemical pesticides, the increase of biological measures, physical measures, and comprehensive control of agricultural measures are the direction of development. Winter pruning of fruit trees is the main agricultural measure to prevent and treat diseases and insect pests, especially in large trees with a long age, by cutting off branches and branches, dead branches, and cross branches, as well as stagnation and dead leaves on trees, with the scraping of bark, whitening, and clearing. Parks and other measures can effectively reduce the damages of the second year of Daqingye, Huangxie, Pyracuses, Pyrosidae and other pests.
Second, we must consider the tree lighting conditions. Through pruning, it is necessary to reach a large branch and a dense branch, that is, “the big branch is bright and the branchlets are noisyâ€. Only light conditions are good, fruit trees produce organic nutrients, fruit quality can be good, and tree stress resistance can be enhanced. At the same time, due to ventilation and light transmission can reduce tree canopy closure, reduce the humidity inside the crown, especially after rainfall, the surface of the tree Moisture evaporates quickly, which can reduce the spread and invasion of some diseases. Including the removal of large branches to solve the light, leaving the twigs results, it is best to achieve the upper branches thin, dense branches, external branches thin, central branches dense, to ensure that the fruit branches see light.
Third, we must consider the cultivation of the overall tree structure. From the group structure of the entire orchard tree body, the individual must obey the group, rationally arrange the tree shape of each tree, make maximum use of the space of the orchard, and then consider the structure of the individual tree. In the pruning, the dry branches of the center shall always be maintained in a dominant position. After reaching a predetermined height, flattening, bending and drying of the branches may be carried out, and the crown may be pressed with fruit. Slow release and evacuation should be used as a basic method of pruning branches to minimize the cutting edge; otherwise, it should be protected by a wound healing agent.
Fourth, we must consider the ratio of fruit and vegetative shoots. Take the apple tree as an example, the general requirement is that the fruit to fruit ratio is 1:2 to 5. The tree vigor is weak and leaves few flowers. The tree is strong and has many fruits. How strong the tree and how much flower buds are important pruning basis. It can be roughly divided into four types of tree pruning, trees and flowers less categories, trees and flowers in many categories, trees, weak flowers and many types of trees, weak flowers and less categories, do not belong to the mean tree. Trees and flowers have fewer species, and they are mainly planted, and they have been cleared away. The branches that grow vigorously in the fruit trees are required to pull branches to weaken their growth potential and promote the initiation of short and middle branches, which lays the foundation for the transformation from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. Trees and flowers in many categories, and more stay in the mean tree branches, individual branches to promote Meng Meng, spend flowers for flowers, fruit and fruit than desirable small value. There are many types of weak flowers in the tree, which are sparse, loose, and shrinking, extremely weak sparse, weak branches, strong branching, and an increase in the percentage of fruit. The weakest species are mainly rejuvenated, and some weak branches should be retracted in time, leaving strong branches and strong buds to increase the tree vigor so that “empty, small, small, and empty†can be made available. To reach the dense, dimly empty, let the tree maintain a good growth potential.
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