The spring equinox got up and was worth a thousand dollars. What is the growth of wheat this year? Recently, the reporters followed the experts of the national wheat industry technology system to find out in the wheat 10,000-mu demonstration field in Fuxian Town, Hui County, Henan Province, and Funing Town, Yuanyang County. In the endless wheat fields, some hardworking farmers are watering, some are fertilizing, and some are fighting drugs. Experts owe themselves to review the grievances, analyze the seedlings, and learn more about watering, fertilization, disease prevention, weeding, etc., and patiently answer the opinions of the masses on the characteristics of the varieties and management points.
In this issue, we will introduce the expert's spring management advice as a concentrated introduction, hoping to help farmers' friends.
Xu Weigang, Director, Institute of Wheat Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
In the wheat field, it was observed that Zhengmai 7698 was strong in autumn and winter, and the seedlings were neat and tidy. There were no or few tillers in spring, and there were relatively few ineffective tillers. The bifurcation was early and the management measures for this situation were:
1. Promote the group as soon as possible. In winter, low temperature in early winter, smog and diminishing in the winter, the population is small, and the individual is weak. It is necessary to promote early measures: 20-25 kg of urea should be applied per acre combined with irrigation as soon as possible.
2. Do a good job in grass, disease and insect control in a timely manner. First, do a good job of chemical control and weeding. The wheat field without control and weeding is sprayed with herbicide immediately; the second is to prevent and cure the sheath blight, powdery mildew and scab. Combined with current chemical control weeding to control the sheath blight. Prevention and control of powdery mildew after booting, timely prevention and control of scab in flowering; third is to do a good job in the prevention and control of aphids. Prevention of aphids occurs from the booting to the filling stage.
3. Use two green health conditioners. One is “Jinfengâ€. Its function is to prevent stalks from falling, promote the operation of assimilates, and enhance the high temperature resistance in the later period. Its application time is the booting stage; the other is called "Mai Jian", its function is to maintain high quality and promote grouting. The administration time is one week after flowering.
The performance of the 7698 variety in production is: in 2013, it was listed as the main product of the Ministry of Agriculture, mainly distributed in Henan Province, and also in parts of Anhui, Hubei and Shaanxi. In 2015, the planting area of ​​Henan Province was over 11 million mu, and has now expanded to 20 million mu.
The performance of 7698 varieties in high yield and stable production: in 2015, the machine harvest reached 750 kg per mu. The characteristics of this variety are: The photoperiod reflects sensitivity, is a semi-winter spring variety, and the photoperiod reflects sensitivity. The differentiation of the technical spikes is early, the small tillers are basically absent, and the joints are not tied until the big tillers, and the jointing period is relatively late, which can prevent cold springs. In the national winter water group and spring water group test, the performance was outstanding, and the combination of high yield and stable production was combined.
Yu Siqin, Henan Province, Plant Protection and Quarantine Station Researcher
According to the survey, there are more than 100 kinds of pests and diseases on wheat, such as sheath blight, powdery mildew, scab, root rot, underground pests, aphids, larvae, red spiders and weeds. Total erosion, cyst nematode, and stem-based rot have aggravated the risk in some areas.
1. Rejuvenation and jointing stage: In the autumn seedling stage, there is no chemical weeding wheat field. When the temperature is stable above 6 °C, the herbicide is selected for chemical weeding according to the type of weeds in the wheat field.
2. Heading and flowering stage: The high-density area of ​​wheat midges should focus on the two key links of soil treatment in the flood season and spraying control in the adult stage. The general occurrence area should be controlled by adults before heading to flowering. For wheat scab, in the case of rainy, dew and foggy weather from wheat heading to flowering and lasting more than 3 days or more than 5 days in 10 days, it is necessary to carry out disease prevention and control in full, for high-sensitivity varieties, for the first time The application time should be early to the heading period.
25% per gram of tebuconazole wettable powder 30-40 grams or 25% cymene suspoemulsion 150-200 ml, 50% carbendazim micropowder 100 grams, 40-50 kg of water spray, the dosage is sufficient, The amount of liquid spray should be large, and the spray should be uniform to ensure the control effect. In case of rain within 3-6 hours after application, it should be replenished in time after rain.
3. Grouting period: The late stage of wheat growth and development is the peak of various pests and diseases. According to the actual situation of pests and diseases, vigorously carry out "one spray three prevention", using fungicides, insecticides and plant growth regulators or leaves. Scientific formula and mixed spraying of surface fertilizer, 12.5% ​​diniconazole 40-50g or 20% triadimefon EC 60-80ml + 10% imidacloprid 20g or 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 30ml + 150g phosphoric acid per mu Potassium hydrogen, 40-50 kg of water evenly sprayed, can achieve a single application, control a variety of pests and diseases, prevent dry hot wind, prevent premature aging.
It is recommended that the organization carry out the whole process of professional and unified prevention and control. The specialization and prevention of the rule can promote the transformation of decentralized prevention and control of one household to centralized prevention and control. It is an important condition for the specialization, standardization, scale and mechanization of agricultural production and management.
Xiao Shi and Chief Scientist of National Wheat Industry Technology System
This year is in the warm winter, the low temperature suddenly falls, it is not suitable for people, not to mention the same for plants. Therefore, spring wheat field management is very important. Nowadays, under the premise of 12 consecutive increases in grain production, the government has emphasized that it is necessary to adjust the structure and transfer mode. The area will not increase for wheat, so it is only working hard on yield.
How to change the way of agricultural production can not rely solely on the government to increase investment, only to reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers, to improve the technical content of wheat planting. The four-level linkage created by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Xinxiang City of Henan Province has promoted the agricultural green production and efficiency model. Xinxiang City, as an old model on the agricultural front, actively promoted this work smoothly and provided some valuable experience to the whole country. .
They are currently proposing large-scale grain producers, professional cooperatives, food companies, and high-yielding governments to create farmers. These practices are being rolled out one by one. They need technology to be obtained from experts and reserve for wheat production.
The foundation of the wheat planting here is well grasped, the spring tube is early, the measures are grasped, and the reserves for grain production are well prepared. In the next step, it is recommended to persist in promoting the water and fertilizer management during the jointing period, pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases, improve the management level in spring, and contribute to the harvest of summer grain.
At present, red spiders have occurred in some places, and it is necessary to prevent them in time. It is necessary to eliminate the disease center in time for wheat stripe rust. Focus on the prevention and control of pests such as sheath blight, powdery mildew, red spiders, aphids, etc., which often occur in spring. For wheat sheath blight, spray control should be carried out before mid-March to treat powdery mildew.
For the wheat larvae, the two critical periods of the flood season (the middle of April) and the adult period (the end of April and the beginning of May) should be strictly controlled in a timely manner. Any plots where the last occurrence of the larvae in the previous year should be combined with watering before the jointing. , apply poisonous soil control to ensure control.
For plots where weeds occur seriously, before reaching the jointing, the average temperature is stable after passing 6 °C, choose fine weather, 10 am to 4 pm, according to different weed species, choose Hummer, Thiasulfuron The herbicides such as thiophensulfuron are sprayed and controlled, and the concentration and technical operation procedures should be strictly followed to avoid phytotoxicity.
Strictly prevent livestock poultry from indulging in early spring, and protect wheat seedlings from safe and healthy growth. Even in large wheat fields, they cannot adopt the method of grazing indigo, which will lead to the injury of wheat seedlings, reduced resistance, and even dead seedlings, resulting in serious production cuts.
Meng Zhaojiang, Researcher, Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
1. Watering seedlings, drought-resistant and anti-freezing. For drought-affected wheat fields, the soil in early spring should be replenished in time after re-freezing, drought-resistant seedlings, timely watering after watering, breaking the knot, further improving soil moisture and preventing or reducing the threat of freezing damage.
2. Repress the plan and ask for protection. The combination of repression and slashing is carried out, and the sputum is pressed first, and the Panasonic is promoted on the soil to enhance the temperature. For the returning of straw to the field, when the autumn is planted, the soil is extensively laid, and the wheat field without irrigating conditions is frozen in the early spring, the soil is compacted, the soil is compacted, the water is evaporated, and the root growth is promoted. After the early spring wheat returned to green, the suppression of Wang Miao was also an effective measure to control the growth of Wang.
3. Promote control and combine fertilizer and water management. For water-irrigated wheat fields, the three types of seedlings promote the combination, the second type of seedlings promote the control, and the first type of seedlings promotes the combination. The body is sprayed with Zhuangfengan and other regulators to shorten the internodes, control the plant growth, and prevent lodging during the late growth period.
4. Repression and lifting. For dryland wheat without hydration conditions, it is necessary to use the cracking as a key measure for spring wheat field management to improve the drought resistance of wheat.
5. Prevent freezing damage and promptly remedy. Pay close attention to the weather forecast, timely water irrigation before cooling, improve soil moisture, adjust the near-surface layer microclimate, reduce the ground temperature variation, and prevent early spring frost damage.
Spring Water Management Technical Recommendations:
1. Pour the water. The jointing stage is the stage of differentiation of small flowers. This stage ensures water supply, is conducive to the development of small flowers, and prevents the degradation of small flowers, which is extremely important for increasing the number of grains per ear. For the strong seedlings with good sensation in early spring (0-40 cm soil relative water content of more than 65%), water can be poured after the bifurcation of the tillering, and the irrigation quota is 750 cubic meters per hectare to promote the robust growth of the plant.
2. Make up the water in the booting. All kinds of wheat seedlings should be watered in the 0-40 cm soil when the relative water content is less than 70%, and the irrigation quota is 750 cubic meters per hectare. When Miaowang and the sensation are good, the water in the booting can be postponed until the heading. If the fertility is insufficient, when the wheat leaves are yellow, it can be combined with watering, and the amount of fertilizer can be applied to the mother's ear. Do not overdo it too late, otherwise delay the maturity and reduce the grain weight.
The key period of winter wheat irrigation is jointing stage and booting stage. Under normal weather conditions, as long as the irrigation of these two periods is guaranteed, the water used in the moisture sensitive period of winter wheat can generally be met.
This article URL: Wheat planting spring management technology to do a good job in fertilizer and water pest management
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