Release date: 2016-11-04
 The carbon fiber prosthesis used by the amputee, or "blade", is arguably one of the most representative signs of the Paralympic Games. Although different prosthetics will be used for running, long jump and other sports, they all have one goal in common: to help disabled athletes run faster and jump higher. Form follow function.
However, for ordinary disabled people, their prostheses need to adapt to different scenes and perform different functions, not just for one purpose, but like real legs. So how can we make the prosthetic feel more real, not just a specialized tool?
The “blade†for modern running has a unique hook shape, and one of the most promising engineering methods for making everyday prostheses is the ability to accurately simulate the biological design of the legs, ankles and feet. This method is called "biological bionics."
A "passive" prosthetic foot usually uses a spring-like elastic medium to simulate the Achilles tendon behavior, storing elastic energy and releasing it before the ankle joint squats. The "active" prosthesis uses an additional actuator or motor to compensate for the force that should be provided by the calf muscles each time it is stepped. Experiments have shown that such prostheses can help the user to walk more like a normal person and improve the symmetry between the biological mechanism and the prosthesis. Currently, such prostheses are suitable for walking on a flat surface at a steady speed, rather than activities such as climbing stairs.
Simple design, advanced technology
Other ways to make a prosthesis more like a biological leg and improve user comfort are simpler. They explained the importance of getting amputees involved in the design process. A user who uses the most advanced bionic ankles tells me that the biggest feature of this prosthesis is not that it provides an electric putter, or that the user walks more like a normal person, but when the user sits down, the foot On the ground, the legs do not protrude at a 90-degree angle (this is the case with most prostheses).
The other is how to control the prosthesis. The active prosthesis now has a built-in calculator to control the motor and simulate normal walking, and the prosthesis becomes more and more like a wearable robot. In addition, we can even use an interface that reads the brain or muscle signals, allowing the user to think and control the prosthesis in a normal way. The experimental project they are currently working on is the use of implantable electrodes, sending signals to the brain and providing tactile feedback to the user, turning off the human-machine cycle, so that the user can feel the touch on the prosthesis as if it were his original Legs.
These technological breakthroughs and scientific advances can make amputees more closely associated with prosthetics, which means that we can now pay more attention to the way prosthetics are presented. In other words, what level of prosthesis feels like a part of the human body? Does your brain think so?
We are well aware of the brain's mapping to the body. The motor cortex (perhaps the motion control center) and the somatosensory cortex that handle various tactile sensations are arranged according to specific regions of the cerebral cortex. This means that each area of ​​our body has a specific area in the motor cortex and somatosensory cortex. What is important is that this mapping will not disappear after amputation.
This means that we have the opportunity to use the muscles and peripheral nerves to connect the prosthesis with the cerebral cortex that controls and senses the part of the body. But this may also allow us to measure how much the brain has accepted the prosthesis as part of the body.
This series of studies will eventually combine cognitive neuroscience with biomedical engineering, which is important not only for designing better prostheses, but also for a better understanding of how the brain creates and maintains a mapping of our bodies. . The mechanism it has developed can be applied not only to amputees but also to non-amputees.
Source: YiViAn Virtual Reality Information
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