Yam is a perennial perennial vine plant. It is warm and not cold-resistant. The roots begin to germinate above 10 °C. The growth of stems and leaves is 25 °C-28 °C, and the tuber enlargement is 20 °C-24 °C fastest. In addition to the northeast and northwest, the rest of the provinces and districts have yam cultivation. The main points of cultivation of yam are as follows:
First, land selection Choose high-lying dry, well-drained, deep soil, soft sandy loam or loam field, the upper and lower soils are required to be consistent, the following layers have thin and heavy soil layers, which can be planted when digging trenches. The soil is preferably slightly acidic to neutral.
Second, the long roots of the trenching land preparations are 1m in row spacing, and the north and south deep trenches are dug in the field. The width of the trench is 28-30cm and the depth is 140cm. When digging, the upper and lower layers of soil are stacked on both sides of the ditch, and the sand of 20 cm at the bottom of the ditch is dug and shredded. After drying for a few days, the bottom layer of soil is first stepped on, and then filled into the lower layer and the upper layer of soil. Each time 20cm is filled and the concrete is pressed once, it is necessary to pick up all the debris. In order to facilitate the trenching, it is generally first to excavate the trench. After filling the half trench, the remaining half of the trench is excavated.
3. Planting of the seedlings Before planting, the roots of the disease-free blocks that meet the characteristics of the planted varieties are selected, and one end section is smashed in the sterilized lime powder to sterilize and promote germination.
Field management
1, brackets lead vines. When the yam is out of the seedlings, it is necessary to take the stent to lead the vines to grow upwards. Generally, the bamboo rafts or branches are used to insert the herringbone frame. The height of the truss is 2-2.5m. If it is limited by materials, it should be at least 1.5m. The bracket should be firmly inserted to prevent it from being blown down by the typhoon.
2, cultivating fill. In the early stage of growth, weeding and weeding should be carried out frequently, usually once every half month, until the stems are in the upper half, and the weeds are removed later. It is necessary to dig a part of the soil outside the rack to fill the inside of the rack, so that the sorghum is formed in the rack, and a trench with a depth of 2Ocm and a width of 3Ocm is formed between the outer rows of the rack to drain the rainy season.
3, topdressing. When the stem has been in the upper half, it is applied once, and 10-15 kg of urea is applied according to the growth of the plant. There are fewer Wang Miao and more weak seedlings in order to balance the development of the whole field. Later, when the stems are full, if there is a phenomenon of yellow thinning, it can be applied again.
4. Irrigation drainage. Yam is a drought-tolerant crop, but in order to achieve high yield, it should be properly watered. Generally, before and after the first top dressing, if there is no rain or long rain, the soil is fully whitish, and should be lightly poured 1-2 times to wet the surface of the soil. In the future, at the turn of the summer and autumn, if the weather is hot and dry for more than 1 week, it is necessary to cool the water in the morning to resist drought. Yam is even more afraid of cockroaches, and it is necessary to clear the ditch in the rainy season to reach the water in the field.
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