In recent years, the Ministry of Agriculture has vigorously promoted the main grain of potatoes, and also has various preferential subsidy policies to guide farmers to increase the area of ​​potato cultivation. In addition to the timely cultivation of open potatoes, greenhouse cultivation of potatoes has increasingly become a trend of potato cultivation. Here, Hui Nong School brings you potato greenhouse cultivation technology.
The cultivation of potatoes in greenhouses is mainly carried out from six aspects: selection of land, scaffolding, timely sowing, fertilizer management and pest control. Let's take a look at the corresponding technical points.
1. Retaining the land
The potatoes we keep should be harvested in the late April when the plants just bloom.
After harvesting, choose cool, ventilated, and have a flat at the attic to prevent snow from falling on the ground and rats. Use high-quality seeds and seed dressing with new high-fat membrane to isolate pests and diseases and increase germination rate.
For the soil in which the potatoes are grown, it is best to choose the field (land) block that has not been planted with the Solanaceae crop or rice. At the same time, it ensures the flat soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, sandy soil with fertile soil and good permeability.
2, greenhouse preparation
Before planting the potatoes, we need to deepen the land and apply enough base fertilizer to open the furrows, lumbar sulcus and sheds for planting operations and post-irrigation.
The scaffolding material is mainly made of small bamboo. The bottom of the shed is 4.3~4.5m wide, the shed arc is 6.3m, and the shed height is 1.7~1.8m. There are two rafts in the shed, each sill is 2cm wide and 35cm in the shed. The gulf and the shed are 70cm. The shed length depends on the size of the field. Generally, there are 30~45 sheds per 100 square meters. If you use the plots planted in the original shed, you should use quicklime and add a new high-fat membrane.
3. Sowing at the right time.
The sowing period of potatoes is in late January, and the specific conditions can be determined according to actual conditions.
The sowing amount of potatoes is 1800~2250kg per 100 square meters. According to the standard of about 15,000 plants per 100 square meters, the common planting distance is 20~24cm, the row spacing is about 60cm, and the oblique points are dug.
When planting, the potato seeds that have been germinated about 7cm will be placed in the center of the hole, depending on the length of the seed bud. After the seedlings are planted into the acupoints, they are covered with nutrient soil. The thickness of the cover soil is not suitable for sprouting. The new high-fat membrane is sprayed on the surface to prevent soil stagnation and increase the emergence rate.
4, water and fertilizer management
Because it is planted in greenhouses, it needs to be shacked for about 10 days before sowing in the early stage.
Only by maintaining the temperature and humidity of the soil in the shed can the seedlings be released early. When more than 70% of the seedlings are released, the wind will begin to cool down. Generally, 10 to 15 days after sowing, the seedlings can be released. After the emergence, the grass is selected for shallow sunny soil, soil ridges, timely watering, cultivating and weeding, and reasonable fertilization.
The potato should be sprayed once before the flowering, the tuber formation period and the expansion period to effectively control the surface of the upper layer of the leaves, accelerate the rapid expansion of the underground tubers, enhance the ability to resist pests, and ensure the high quality and efficiency of the potatoes. .
5. Pest control
Potato pests and diseases should be taken in a way that is based on prevention and prevention.
In the case of sowing or before the potato, use the phoxim and the new high-fat membrane to remove the underground pests. For aphids, 28-star ladybugs, early blight, late blight and other pests and diseases, spray targeted pesticides according to plant protection requirements, and spray 800 times of new high-fat film to enhance the efficacy.
The country's vigorous promotion of potato staple food is an opportunity for our potato growers, but the prerequisite for high yield and high income is the need to master more scientific planting techniques. I hope this greenhouse cultivation technology can help everyone.
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