Inquiries: Farmers in Guazhou call and consult, and soon melon seedlings should be started. What problems should be paid attention to during the seedling period?
Answer: Melon is a high-temperature, drought-resistant crop. Root growth suitable temperature 25 °C ~ 30 °C, must be above 15 °C root system to grow, if the following 10 °C low temperature, the root growth is not normal. The growth period can tolerate high temperatures of 40°C, but it is not resistant to low temperatures and is not resistant to earthworms. In case of flooding, the growth of the root system is affected and it is easy to infect the disease. In severe cases, the root system will die. When the seedlings meet with frost, they will freeze to death. In the conditions of adequate soil moisture and air drying, it is suitable for melon growth. The general air humidity is 50%~60% suitable humidity.
In order to ensure the harvest of muskmelons, the sowing date of the melons should be selected, and the management of the seedlings should be done first to cultivate strong seedlings and lay a good foundation for the harvest.
First, the choice of seedling stage Hexi cultivated melon, usually in late April sowing (select sunny days sowing), delayed cultivation can be sown in mid-May, from late August to early September harvest. However, sowing in late April, seedlings often meet late spring or late frost, easily cause seedlings freeze injury. Therefore, it is recommended to transplant seedlings in advance in January.
2. Pre-sowing seed treatment Muskmelon seeds can carry a variety of germs and viruses, and seeds should be treated before sowing. There are three main ways: 1. Warm soup soaking. Pour 55°C~60°C warm water into the container and stir it while stirring. When the water temperature drops to 30°C, soak in seeds for 6~8 hours. This approach can kill germs carried on the seed surface, but it is not very thorough. Can be changed to constant temperature soaking, draining the seeds washed with cold water, and then poured into 50 °C hot water, soaking in hot water at 50 °C constant temperature for 30 minutes, and then remove and soaking at room temperature for 6 to 8 hours. Note that 50°C must be kept at a constant temperature for 30 minutes or more, and heating and holding at 50°C should be sufficient to achieve a good bactericidal effect. 2. Chemical seed dressing. Seed dressing with 25% metalaxyl WP or 50% carbendazim WP with a seed weight of 2 to 3 inches. 3. Pharmaceutical soaking. 10% soaking with 10% phosphoric acid for 20 minutes (passivation of virus), 50% carbendazim WP 800 times or 70% thiophanate-methyl 600 times soaking for 10 hours, washing after germination.
Third, the seedling technology melon root easy to cork, when the first leaf is unfolded, the main root base began to cork, the root is difficult to regenerate. Therefore, melons can not be divided into seedlings.
The nutrient soil should be selected to be loose, air-permeable, water-retaining, fertilizer-preserving, non-crushable, rich in nutrients and field-free soils and fields. In the soil, appropriate amounts of decomposed farmyard fertilizers and chemical fertilizers should be allocated. The ratio of soil to farmyard fertilizer is 9:1 (if the proportion of soil in fertilizer is relatively large, the amount of fertilizer should be increased in an appropriate amount). If the soil is relatively stiff, 1 to 2% sand can be added and a small amount of chemical fertilizer can be added. 0.5 kg of urea, 1.5 kg of superphosphate, 0.5 kg of potassium phosphate per cubic meter of soil, and the soil fertilizer is crushed and sifted after mixing. Then, the nutrient soil is put into a plastic bowl or a paper tube, and the water is poured once and then sowed. (If there is no nutrition, it can also be made into a mu bed with a thickness of 5 to 7 cm. It is streaked and cut into pieces and then sown). In order to disinfect the disease, you can water the 50% carbendazim in the nutrition bowl 800 times, 70% plus 600 times. After infiltration, one to two seeds of each seedling type, cover fine soil 1 to 5 cm, and then cover the plastic film, heat and moisture.
Fourth, the seedbed management melon seedlings for about a month. In the temperature management to achieve "three high and three low temperature difference" nursery, that is high temperature before emergence, after the emergence of low temperature; high temperature during the day, the night temperature is low; sunny high temperature, low temperature on cloudy snow days; day and night temperature difference of 7 °C Above ~10°C. Before seedling emergence, the temperature of the seedbed is 28°C~30°C and 17°C~18°C during the night. After the top soil of the seedlings is properly ventilated, the seedlings are prevented from gaining light and the humidity is reduced. When the first true leaf is unfolded, the temperature is appropriately increased. 25 °C ~ 28 °C; two true leaves, and then cooling water, seedling exercise. When the seedling grows to the two-leaf and one-hearted period, it can be planted. Note that if a cold wave is encountered, the temperature in the shed should be appropriately reduced, and the temperature should be raised before planting.
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