First, the significance of apple pest control
Apple pest control plays an important role in apple life cycle and annual management. The timely prevention and control of apple pests and diseases has important significance for extending the number of years of life and increasing the life span of trees. The output of the apple orchard in the output period, the quality of the apple orchard, and the high-quality fruit rate have a greater impact. Controlling the occurrence and spread of major pests and diseases of apples and ensuring the safety of fruits have played a role in safeguarding the sustainable development of the fruit industry.
Second, the concept and principles of integrated pest control of apple
The integrated prevention and control of diseases and pests in orchards is the application of ecological methods. According to the characteristics of the orchard ecosystem, using apples as the center, organically using various prevention and control measures, giving full play to the role of favorable factors in the ecosystem, limiting the development of unfavorable factors and effectively controlling the disease The number of insects, under conditions of allowable economic losses, minimizes the economic losses and side effects harmful to the environment and achieves the objectives of “safety, good efficiency, and economyâ€.
Apple pest prevention and control should adhere to the "prevention-based, comprehensive prevention and control" of the plant protection policy and "rule early governance, small governance," the plant protection requirements.
Third, different ages of apple orchard pest control objects
The apple orchard ecosystem is relatively stable, and pests and diseases can be sustainably endangered in an orchard for many years. In the sapling stage, leaf pests are common, such as beetles, weevil, and leaffold insects. After entering the fruiting period, fruit diseases and pests gradually increased and became the main control objects, such as borers, leafhoppers, rot, and early defoliation. During the senescence period of Apple, some diseases and insect pests that are harmful to the debilitating trees have become increasingly rampant and even destroyed orchards, such as rot, root rot, and giardia.
There are many kinds of diseases and pests in apple orchards, but the most harmful diseases are: rot disease, early defoliation, bagging apple black spot disease, rust, powdery mildew and so on. Insect pests include: Hawthorn red spider, apple red spider, apple leaf roller moth, apple aphid, peach fruit borer and so on.
IV. Main measures for comprehensive prevention and control of apples
1. Strengthen forecast of pests and diseases
The prediction and prediction of pests and diseases is based on the law of occurrence of pests and diseases, combined with apple's phenology, weather, natural enemies and other comprehensive scientific analysis to predict the future development of pests and diseases, provide the best time and method for the timely prevention and control of pests and diseases, and ultimately achieve timely control of pests Harm to ensure that Apple's production is safe, stable, and quality.
2. Implement integrated agricultural control
Agricultural control is the basis for comprehensive prevention and control. The main methods are:
1 Orchard Planning: Do not plant apples or pears or peaches at close quarters when planting an orchard. This will prevent the transfer of host insects. It is not appropriate to plant hedgehogs and cypresses around the orchard to reduce the occurrence of scale insects and rust. It is not possible to build a park in a heavy way.
2 Soil Management: Turning and improving soils, increasing organic fertilizers, increasing tree vigor, increasing tree resistance, combining deep-turning soils, deep-buried litters, relieving borers, early wintering of deciduous diseases, and reducing pests and diseases.
3 thinning and thinning fruit, reasonable load. Combination of thinning and thinning fruit removal of diseased fruit, diseased leaves, diseased shoots, etc., reasonable load.
4 Winter and summer pruning: Through reasonable pruning, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, cut off the shoots and shoots, and treat stagnation and stagnation.
5 Clear Garden: Curing rot disease spots, scraping old skins, eliminating pests and wintering sites, and thoroughly cleaning litter, has a good effect on reducing pests in various orchards.
3. Actively implement biological control
Biological control is the use of certain biological or biological metabolites to control pests. Its advantage is that it takes a long time to control pests and diseases; it does not pollute the environment and is safe for human husbandry; it is increasingly used by people. The biological control can be summed up as follows: pest control, bacteria treatment, bacteria treatment, insectivorous animal pest control, biological sterilization method and hormone method, etc. Biological control of pests and diseases will be the direction of orchard pest control in the future. It is to produce green fruits, especially organic. The main measures for fruit products are as follows: 1 using parasitic insects such as parasitic wasps; 2 using predatory insects such as grasshoppers, ladybugs, and predatory mites; 3 using entomopathogenic microorganisms such as Raspberry , Beauveria bassiana, etc.; 4 use of insectivorous birds, such as woodpeckers; 5 use of antibiotics to prevent diseases, such as a variety of agricultural antibiotics; 6 the use of insect hormones, such as sex hormones, juvenile hormones.
4, application of physical and mechanical control
Physical and mechanical control methods are as follows:
1Manual killing: Scraping old branches and branches in winter can eliminate overwintering bodies such as spider mites, leaf curlers, and rotenia. Brushes can be used on the branches on the branches. The larvae can be scraped off manually for the gibberella and the adults can be caught. The beetle can be manually captured in the evening and destroyed.
2 trapping and killing: using insect habits for trapping, orchards often use light trapping, food trapping, trapping, trapping and trapping. In the late autumn, trunks are bundled to trap insects and are destroyed in early spring. This is a very economical trapping measure and worthy of promotion. application.
3 barrier protection: commonly used fruit bagging, sticky insects ring, trunk plastic skirt, trunk coating and other measures, barrier protection.
5. Scientific use of chemical prevention
Chemical control is what we call prevention and control of pesticides. Chemical prevention must be based on green food requirements for pesticides. The use of pesticides must be symptomatic, timely, scientific, rational, rotational, and safe. The dispensing concentration is accurate and cannot be too small or too large. Pay attention to spraying techniques, first put on the back of the tree, first on the outside and then on the outside to prevent fruit diseases and insect pests. The medicine should be sprayed on the fruit and control the leafy diseases and pests. Spray the medicine on the back of the leaves, spray evenly, and do not spray. Too much, flowing on the ground, causing unnecessary waste, polluting the environment, when the orchard local diseases and pests occur, they can pick and cure.
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