The phenomenon of wheat lodging has become strange. It will bring some economic losses to the production. How can farmers deal with wheat in each management stage to prevent wheat from falling? The following small series to introduce in detail.
First, wheat lodging type
Wheat lodging can be divided into two types: stem down and root down. The stem is caused by excessive planting of wheat, excessive application of fertilizer and water, excessive basement, weak stems and poor toughness. The roots are caused by shallow wheat roots and heavy winds after rain.
Second, the reason for wheat lodging
(1) The density is too large. Excessive seeding can cause cropping in the wheat field, poor ventilation and light transmission, poor plant malnutrition, thin stems, elongated internodes, thin stem wall, lack of elasticity, low straw support, which is the main cause of wheat lodging. the reason.
(2) Fertilizer application is unreasonable. There is no reasonable determination of the variety, quantity and method of fertilization according to soil fertility and yield level. In particular, wheat fields with less potassium fertilizer and excessive nitrogen fertilizer use are likely to cause inefficient tillering of wheat, weak stems and decreased lodging resistance.
(3) The root system is underdeveloped. The first is that the wheat field is only rotated in a row (the general tillage depth is 12-15 cm), which leads to the shallower tillage layer, the upward movement of the plow layer, the poor soil structure, the poor water retention and water retention, the difficulty of lowering the roots of wheat, and the number of secondary roots. Less and weaker, can not support the late ground weight and fall; followed by wheat sowing shallow, the tiller is exposed to the surface, resulting in shallow roots under the roots, poor root growth, can not support the plant and lodging.
(4) After the rain, it will encounter strong winds. In the late growth stage of wheat, especially in the grain filling stage of wheat, the weight of wheat ears increased after grain filling, and it was easy to fall under rain and windy weather.
Third, wheat lodging control measures
(1) Select the appropriate variety. Generally, the plant height is short (less than 75 cm), the stalk toughness is good, the lodging resistance is strong, and the varieties with high yield and stable yield are suitable.
(2) Leveling the land and balancing fertilization. Fine land preparation, smooth irrigation and drainage; increase the application of organic fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, pay attention to the application of potassium fertilizer, supplement the trace elements, and improve the flexibility of straw.
(3) Reasonable close planting. According to the tillering ability of the variety and the ability to form the ear, determine the appropriate amount of sowing, and avoid the overstack of the field group.
(4) For wheat fields with too early sowing, excessive seeding and tillering, the pre-winter anti-falling measures are first to deepen the roots to cut off some roots, reduce nutrient and water absorption, and inhibit tiller growth;
(5) followed by suppression, should choose to use a stone mortar or a pressure reducer to suppress the wheat seedlings at noon on sunny days. The main function is to inhibit the growth of stems and leaves and control the excessive tillering of wheat. Note that it cannot be carried out in the early morning, when there is frost or on cloudy days. It is brittle and severely wounded.
(6) Management of the returning period. For springs, the number of stems per acre exceeds 1 million. From the beginning to the jointing stage, the leaves are dark green, the leaves are thicker and the length of the leaves is more than one third of the length of the whole leaf. The nitrogen fertilizer should be moved backwards. After returning to the body, it will be moved to the jointing stage or even after the jointing period to reduce the ineffective tillering, promote the stalks and strengthen the resistance to volts;
(7) Chemical regulation, chemical control is one of the effective measures to prevent wheat from lodging. Use 40% paclobutrazol wettable powder 40-50g per acre, or 5% uniconazole wettable powder 30-40g, or 25% mepivoxil 15-20ml, add water 30- before the jointing to jointing 40 kg of evenly sprayed wheat seedlings, pay attention to chemical control must be carried out before jointing, otherwise it will not have the preventive effect.
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