Recently, cold air activities have been frequent, and temperatures in some areas have continued to decrease. In this way, whether it is open-planted vegetables or vegetables grown in greenhouses, it is very prone to various diseases, resulting in reduced production or even no harvest. Therefore, reasonable and effective measures should be taken to increase temperature and heat preservation to achieve high yield and quality of vegetables. Let's talk about the specific practices of vegetable antifreeze measures.
First, for open vegetables
Precaution:
1. Timely harvesting. Pay close attention to weather changes, cold arctic day up just prior to, in a timely manner or early harvest of vegetables in the field, even if the sale was not, it vegetable harvest should come back, not love park, most of which are subject to frost damage heavier Love Park of autumn vegetables.
2. Coverage method. In the afternoon before the frost comes, straw, rice straw and other vegetable bed and cover the vegetables, can reduce cold and mechanical damage. Straw should be sparsely scattered, and all vegetables should not be covered to prevent photosynthesis.
3. Soil cultivation method. Combine cultivating, use broken soil to accompany the roots, loosen the soil, protect the root system, and raise the soil temperature. The depth is 7-10 cm.
4, winter irrigation method. Watering before frost, the temperature can rise by 2 °C ~ 3 °C after the cold current.
5. Ditch drainage method. Open the "three ditch" to ensure that the ditch, canal and field are unblocked so as to eliminate the frozen water in time.
6, the wind barrier law. In the vicinity of the vegetable garden, straws are used to make a wind barrier of 1 to 1.5 meters high, and a wind barrier is set every 3 to 4 meters.
7, dusting method. Before the low temperature comes, sprinkle a thin layer of chaff ash or grass ash on the vegetables; or spray 50 kg of ash between the rows to prevent cold and freeze, increase fertilizer, and prevent cruciferous vegetable root rot.
8, fertilization method. The warm, fully fermented farmer's manure in the pig manure or soil is fertilized at the root of the vegetable seedling, and 400-500 kg of thin manure is poured per acre to reduce soil freezing and increase the soil temperature of the roots. ~3 °C. Fertilization should be carried out on a sunny day. At the same time, spraying the planting nutrient solution such as “Dayun 120â€, such as brassinolide, chlorophene and Aiduo, can improve the cold resistance of the plant.
Remedy:
1. Grab the market in time to reduce production losses. After the freezing injury of the open vegetables, vegetables such as vegetables, rapeseed, spinach, cabbage, garlic and radish can be harvested and listed in time to reduce production losses and ensure market supply.
2. Remove dead leaves and reduce pathogens. Frozen vegetables, after the temperature has warmed up, remove the dead leaves.
3, topdressing promote recovery. As soon as possible cultivating and applying thin fertilizer, foliar application of 0.5% to 1% glucose (or sucrose, brown sugar) or 0.1% to 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to promote the growth of vegetables. For vegetables that are frozen in the ground, the roots should be filled with 1.8% Aiduo water-receiving agent and brassinolide.
4. Pest control. After the cold open field vegetables disease prevention and treatment, spraying 75% or 5% chlorothalonil 800 times procymidone 1200 to 1500 times the like; control post aphids, spray acetamiprid, nitenpyram and the like.
Second, for the greenhouse vegetables
Precaution:
1. Maintenance facilities. Before the low temperature in winter, pay attention to the maintenance of all greenhouses, repair the damaged shed film, nursery shed and built-in small arch shed for new film, add insulation and heating equipment to ensure the safety of wintering seedlings. According to the load-bearing conditions of the greenhouse, the column should be properly added to avoid the blizzard from collapsing the greenhouse and causing undue losses.
2. Clean the shed film. The shed film is not clean for a long time, it is easy to collect dust, and the light transmittance is reduced, which affects the heating effect inside the shed. Therefore, the shed film should be cleaned frequently to keep the film surface clean and improve the heating effect.
3, do a good job in greenhouse insulation measures
(1) Multi-layer cover insulation. In the case of severe cold weather, the greenhouse must be covered in multiple layers, and a layer of film can be covered on the grass.
(2) Covering the film insulation. Covering the mulch film not only prevents the evaporation of soil moisture in the shed, reduces the humidity in the shed, but also enhances the temperature and heat preservation of the soil.
(3) Covered with small arch shed insulation. In order to increase the temperature inside the shed, a small arch shed can be placed on the mulch in the shed.
(4) Suspending the reflective curtain to promote warming. A reflective screen can be hung on the back wall of the shed to achieve the effect of adding light and keeping warm.
(5) Excavation of cold-proof ditch outside the shed. It is necessary to dig the cold ditch outside the greenhouse in advance in order to increase the temperature inside the shed. Taking advantage of the fact that the specific heat of water is relatively large, the moisture in the storage tank can release the heat absorbed by the sunny day at night to prevent the temperature in the shed from falling too fast at night.
4. Auxiliary warming. The shed can be equipped with furnaces (or charcoal pots), greenhouse warming agents and other warming facilities. If necessary, the fire will heat up, but the flue gas generated must be discharged smoothly, otherwise it will have a toxic effect on vegetables.
5, the implementation of high ridge cultivation, timely watering. The use of high ridge cultivation in winter can increase the floor heat absorption area, which is conducive to raising the ground temperature and ensuring the healthy growth of vegetables. Properly and properly watering can properly coordinate the relationship between water, gas and heat in the soil. When watering production, you should do “three pouring, three no pouringâ€, that is, watering on sunny days, not pouring on cloudy days; watering before noon, not pouring in the afternoon; pouring small water, not pouring large water, so as not to lower the ground temperature, so that vegetables Rotten roots.
Remedy:
1. Slowly heat up. After the shed vegetables are frozen, the shed can not be warmed quickly. The venting should be strengthened to make the shed temperature rise slowly, so that the frozen tissue gradually absorbs the water lost by freezing, promotes cell reactivation, and reduces tissue death.
2, sunscreen sunscreen. Pay attention to the sunshade of frozen vegetables, avoid direct sunlight, to avoid shrinkage of frozen tissue. Generally, when the temperature is high at noon, it is completely covered. It can be partially covered at other times to maintain a proper temperature and humidity environment inside the shed. When the frozen tissue is rejuvenated, the shading can be gradually reduced.
3, chasing quick-acting fertilizer. After the slow-planting of the frozen vegetables, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer can be applied in time to promote the growth of the vegetable plants, and the surface is sprayed with 0.1-0.2% urea solution or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
4, artificial water spray. The sprayer can be used to spray water, increase the humidity of the air in the shed, stabilize the temperature inside the shed, and restore the vitality of the frozen tissue.
5, irrigation and insulation. Winter vegetable freeze damage is mostly caused by lack of water. Because water has higher specific heat than air and slow heat dissipation, it can prevent freezing damage by pouring enough water before freezing or by selecting the weather to fill the water. The horse water or watering of the frozen vegetables can increase the soil heat capacity, prevent the ground temperature from falling, and reduce the freezing damage. Watering should be poured thoroughly, after watering or watering, grasp the favorable period of temperature rise, and loosen the soil.
6, pruning trim. After being frozen, cut off the tender leaves of the frozen shoots in time. Even if the seedlings are frozen, the pepper seedlings can also germinate the side branches, take one of the strong branches instead of the main stem, and cut off the remaining side branches. After the pruning of the frozen celery in the open field, new leaves can also be germinated.
7, rush to breed and broadcast. In order to reduce economic losses, you can breed cold-resistant spinach, cabbage, radish, lettuce and so on after the weather has warmed up. It is best to sneak in the middle and small sheds, early emergence and early growth.
8, prevention and treatment of insects. After the plants are frozen, the pests and diseases are easy to take advantage of, and some protective agents and anti-infective and insect-control agents, such as gray mold, should be sprinkled in time. After the vegetables are frozen, they are fumigated with 45% chlorothalonil or 10% procymidone in the closed greenhouse for 6 to 12 hours, which has good control effect on fungal diseases such as gray mold.
The antifreeze measures and remedial measures for vegetables are introduced here. It can be seen that the anti-freezing work of vegetables is very particular, so we must pay attention to the anti-freezing measures of vegetables to avoid economic losses.
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