Straw treatment has always been a pain point in people's hearts. Especially in northern China, there are many straws in the area of ​​grain crops, which leads to poor use of land resources and a certain pollution to the environment. At present, the state strongly advocates the utilization of straw waste. And there is still a certain market prospect, then what are the benefits of straw utilization? What entrepreneurial projects can I carry out? The following small series will tell you in detail.
First, the use of fertilizer treatment
1. Straw directly returned to the field
The main purpose is to use the machinery to directly smash the straw in the field, and then directly plow the pulverized particles into the soil, which can increase the content of organic matter in the soil, improve the soil structure, increase the fertility, and increase the crop yield. It has a good effect on improving the ecological environment and saving planting costs.
2, fast hot rot and return to the field
Similar to the traditional manure, it uses modern technology to quickly process the straw, manure and manure, and other agricultural wastes, which are fermented, deodorized and decomposed by microbial technology to produce fertilizer.
3. Processing and manufacturing straw organic bio-fertilizer
Through the factory, the straw, excrement and the like are chemically mixed with the microbial active agent, and an appropriate amount of trace elements are added, and the special fertilizer is processed and packaged into commodities for sale.
4, straw carbonization returns to the field, green energy saving and environmental protection
Biochar is a stable carbon-rich product obtained by pyrolysis of straw biomass under sub-high temperature and anoxic conditions. It has the characteristics of rich pore structure, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity and strong resistance to decomposition. It has a positive effect on soil improvement, crop yield increase and environmental protection. The application of biochar to farmland can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and increase crop yield. The so-called biochar based fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer produced by scientifically blending biochar with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various trace elements necessary for crop growth.
5, cultivation of edible fungi, base residue returning
The cultivation technology of edible fungi has matured. Many areas are now the production base of edible fungi. The use of crop straw as raw material for edible fungi production can also be used as a fertilizer, and it is also a three-pronged approach. The peasants’ savings have increased their income.
6, production of biogas, biogas residue returning
Biogas was once promoted and is still being used in many areas. The raw materials for the formation of biogas in rural areas are rich in source and low in cost, but there are not many biogas generated from straw, and management difficulties are generally caused by some enterprises, such as centralized production management, which is not suitable for families.
Second, feed treatment and utilization
1. Feeding livestock directly
The straw is made into hay or made into silage for feeding to livestock. It can be used as a litter during pig raising, or it can be mixed and fermented by adding salt, microorganisms, nutrients, etc., and it can be recycled in farming. It can also reduce the temperature of the pig house to avoid infectious diseases, and the litter can be directly returned to the field as a fertilizer.
Third, energy utilization technology
1. Straw power generation
Power generation by burning straw to generate high temperatures not only saves non-renewable coal resources. The ash from the burning of straw is still a good fertilizer. It is a good potash and can be directly absorbed by crops or processed into compound fertilizer. Straw power generation benefits the country and the people, is a new energy project with great development potential.
2. Straw pellet fuel, briquette fuel, charcoal
Using agricultural straws such as crop straws, rice husks, branches, weeds, etc. as raw materials, soften at a certain temperature, pulverize them, add appropriate amount of binder and water, and apply a certain pressure to cure them. Rod-shaped or granular "straw charcoal", the meat can be processed into a "bio-coal" with a certain mechanical strength by using a carbonization furnace.
3, straw gas
One is straw gasification, that is, the smoldering of the crop straw by anoxia, producing a combustible gas with the same carbon as the main component; these gases are sent to the farmer's house through the PVC pipe at a slightly higher temperature than normal temperature, and are similar to the use. Pipeline gas in the city.
Fourth, raw material utilization technology
1. Processing straw building materials and plates
It is an emerging field of straw processing and utilization. This technology uses straw as a raw material and uses molding equipment to make various fiber sheets. The building material is characterized by good compressive strength, light weight, fireproof and shockproof, low price and convenient installation.
2, paper
Papermaking is a great invention that has been passed down through ancient China, but now only about half of China's pulp is made of straw. The traditional distribution is too expensive, polluting the environment, and a large number of trees are also destroyed by the environment. Making paper by processing the straw, we may continue the fast recycling renewable resources.
3. Production of ethanol
Studies have shown that the production of cellulose raw materials uses nearly one unit of energy to obtain nearly 5.5 units of ethanol. It is even more efficient than producing ethanol from grains. The production of ethanol from straw is more in line with the current concept of resource utilization. It is believed that with the improvement of market technology, the cost of straw production of ethanol will be further reduced.
4, straw art
Straw crafts are traditional handicrafts. China's straw craft has been more than two thousand years old. The straw is selected into materials, dyed, flattened, designed and hand-made into pieces of art. After cutting, pasting, ironing and other processes, we will produce vivid, lifelike animals, flowers and birds, pavilions and other crafts. It fully reflects the outstanding talents and artistic creativity of the working people.
Straw can be said to be waste, but now it is a "treasure." Can be used for fertilizer, feed, energy, raw materials, etc. Have good use value and economic benefits. The above is a detailed straw utilization technology and entrepreneurial project, which we can learn from.
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