How to cultivate melon in greenhouse? I have already told you about the cultivation techniques of so many melons. Today is also the time to popularize the high-yield cultivation techniques of greenhouse melons.
First, preparation before cultivation
Soil cultivation
Conventional soil cultivation uses organic fertilizer plus top dressing to solve the nutrient sources needed for melon growth and development.
2. Substrate cultivation
Matrix material: bagasse or cassava skin, bagasse ash, poultry and livestock manure, ratio (proportion: 1000 kg of bagasse or cassava skin, 500 kg of bagasse ash, 500 kg of poultry or livestock manure, mixed stacking for 3-6 months) .
Second, nursery
Seedling time
Seedlings are cultivated from late January to late February in spring, and from early August to late September.
2. Nutrient soil preparation
Use bagasse ash + bagasse + decomposed organic fertilizer + fungicide, 90 kg of bagasse ash per acre, 10 kg of bagasse, 20 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 80 g of carbendazim (or 80 g of methyl thiophanate), of which carbendazim (or 80 g of methyl thiophanate) is dissolved in water and then mixed with bagasse ash or the like.
3. Soaking seeds and germination
Soak seeds with water for 6-8 hours, then rinse the surface of the seeds with water, dry the surface water, and wrap the seeds with a semi-dry towel. After the temperature is 30-32 ° C, the seeds will be white after about 30 hours. .
4. Seeding
Seedlings were seeded with 54-point (or 60-hole) seedlings. The soil was irrigated with water one day before sowing, and one seed was budded at each hole. The seeds were laid flat, the germs were down, and the seeds were inspected in 5 days.
5. Seedbed management
The temperature is controlled at about 25 °C to facilitate the emergence of seedlings, water retention, ventilation and refining, and prevention of disease.
Third, colonization
Substrate cultivation
After the substrate is placed in the planting trough, 100 kg of compound fertilizer is applied to the acre, and 200 g of chlorpyrifos is applied.
2. Soil cultivation
Deep ploughing and deep ploughing of soil for more than 30 cm, 1000 kg of chicken cockroach + 12% superphosphate 100 kg + 50 kg of peanut bran as base fertilizer after 1-2 months of full-fertilization. Apply Rongbao (calcium cyanamide) 60-75 kg in advance 15 days in advance, and thoroughly cover the film after immersion. When the seedling grows to 2 leaves and 1 heart, you can choose to colonize on a sunny day. When the plant is planted at high temperature, each plant will be sprayed immediately. Planting can be carried out in single or double rows, with a single row size of 1.10.5 meters, a double row planting specification of 0.90.6 meters, and a planting of 1100-1200 seedlings per acre.
Fourth, field management
Hanging vines
(1) Hanging vines: Align each plant with the upper part of the string (package belt or hemp rope, etc.) on the iron wire, droop to the ground, squat at the base of the cucurbit, and wrap the main vine on the rope. Pruning before vines, spraying the fungicide in time.
(2) Winding around: As the stem grows, it is wrapped around the string in time.
Pruning
The vines outside the 13-16 knots of the melons are all destroyed. In the preparation of the remaining fruits, there are 1 leaf in the 13-16 knots. All the sun vines are removed, 25-28 knots are topped, and 3-4 bars are topped. Lateral buds, the rest are removed. It is advisable to choose the sunny day when the whole branch is topped. When the humidity is too high in rainy days, it is not appropriate to pruning the buds. Each time the buds are sterilized, the hands are disinfected with 70% alcohol, and disinfected once every 1-2 lines.
3. Artificial pollination
Starting at 7:00 in the morning, the pollination effect was better at 11:30. Select the male flower that is open that day, remove the petals, and gently spread the pollen of the male flower on the stigma of the female flower.
4. Bee pollination
The requirements of the bee pollination environment: 1000 meters around the melon greenhouse, do not have odor and pesticides during the beeing; do not spray pesticides in the greenhouse for 7 days before placing the bees, and stack the items with strange smell.
5. Field management
Before the melon flowering, pesticides with longer residual periods such as dichlorvos and dimethoate cannot be used. Avoid more toxic pesticides such as imidacloprid, chlorpyrifos, etc. during flowering. If pesticides must be applied, biological pesticides or low-toxic pesticides should be used as much as possible.
6. Hanging melon
When the young melon grows to 250 grams, the melon will be hanged in time, and the string will be alive, and the fruit will be pulled from the lower end of the fruit to the upper handle, and the melon will be hung to the position with the seat of the melon.
7. Water and fertilizer management
3 days after planting, add 20 kg of compound fertilizer per acre to drip irrigation. After that, according to the growth of the seedlings, it is determined whether it is necessary to add fertilizer to drip irrigation. The seedling stage requires less water. The dripping water in the vine season keeps the roots moist. The melon expansion period keeps the substrate moist, avoiding too dry, and avoiding too much water supply. The drip is stopped one week before the ripening of the melon.
8. Pest control
The pests and diseases of melon in Beihai City mainly include rickets, downy mildew, powdery mildew, blight, root knot nematodes, aphids, and Liriomyza sativae.
5. Harvesting, packaging, and listing
Harvest
Melon is about 35-45 days from flowering to maturity, 100-110 days in spring and 80-90 days in autumn. When ripening, the fruit turns yellow and the surface of the fruit surface is hardened. When harvesting, cut the melon with scissors. Leave a 3 cm fruit handle and take care to avoid scratching the surface of the melon.
2. Packaging
The melons are placed in a foam net bag, and the individual packages are placed in a carton designated by the merchant.
3. Promotion
It can be promoted through network information platforms, such as qq, WeChat, etc., especially our agricultural knowledge network, which is a good helper for farmers and friends, and can expand the sales volume of commercial melons.
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