4. How to increase the hatching rate of eggs? (i) After ensuring the quality of the breeding eggs, their genetic characteristics have been fixed. The nutrients needed to develop a fertile egg from a fertilized egg can only be obtained from the egg, and it is necessary to scientifically raise a healthy, high-yielding breeder to ensure the quality of the egg. (II) Strengthen the management of eggs, ensure that the eggs prior to hatching are of high quality. The hatching eggs for the first two weeks of production should not be hatched. Therefore, the hatching rate and the vigor of the chicks are poor. All seasons should pay attention to the disinfection and preservation of eggs, and correct the selection of light storage, heavy appearance tend to choose the source of light eggs. The eggs were screened with egg-dimensioned egg selection methods to eliminate cracked eggs and gas chambers that were difficult to detect with the naked eye, broken (or free) eggs in the air chamber, and spotted and spotted eggs. According to the weight of the eggs, the eggs can be grading and hatching to better determine the incubation temperature. The embryos develop more consistently, the hatching is more concentrated, and the hatching rate can be improved. (iii) Mastering the three main incubation conditions The incubation temperature, the ventilation of the hatchery and the incubator, and their sanitation are the three main incubation conditions for the quality of hatchery chicks. (1) Correctly grasp the appropriate incubation temperature First, determine the optimum incubation temperature: Temperature is the most important condition for embryonic development. Due to the climatic conditions in different regions and the type of incubator used, it is difficult to correctly grasp the incubation temperature. The aforementioned "incubation optimum temperature" is an average value. In fact, the optimum incubation temperature varies depending on the type of incubator and the temperature, but also depends on factors such as heredity, eggshell quality, egg weight, egg preservation time, and the number of hatched eggs in the incubator. Therefore, according to the type of incubator and the ambient temperature of the incubator, it is necessary to be flexible. In particular, the newly purchased incubator must pass several batches of test hatches to find out its performance (heat preservation, temperature difference in various parts of the incubator, etc.) The climatic conditions and the environment of the hatchery (starting room), find out the optimum incubation temperature and confirm it. During the incubation process, the incubation chamber temperature should be maintained at 22-26°C as much as possible to simplify the constant temperature of the optimum incubation temperature: calibrate the incubation thermometer (including door thermometer, thermometer and mercury conductive thermometer) with a standard thermometer, and Attach a temperature difference mark. Pay attention to prevent the thermometer from shifting, so as not to cause the embryo to develop at or above the optimum temperature; the new incubator or overhauled incubator needs to use a calibrated thermometer to measure the temperature difference in the incubator and find the average temperature. Then, the incubation temperature of the temperature-controlled mercury conductivity meter is adjusted to 37.8°C (or incubation at a variable temperature, or according to the temperature recommended by the incubator manufacturer), and the test temperature is 1-2 batches, according to the embryonic development (the main criterion is 5 days of "black eyes"). 10-11 days "closed", 17 days "closed door") and hatching effects to determine the optimum incubation temperature for the region and incubator type. Using batch-incubation methods, attention should be paid to the placement of new and old embryonic eggs in the incubator, not only contributing to thermoregulation and improving the uniformity of embryonic development, but also to the gravity balance of moving egg carriers. When the hatcher hatches, the hatching temperature should be properly reduced according to the situation to facilitate hatching. The incubator temperature difference meeting seriously affects the hatching effect, and also brings inconvenience to the hatching operation. The cause should be promptly identified (including checking the wattage and distribution of the electric heating pipe) and be solved before hatching. If the temperature difference is large, it is better to adopt the "temperature change" hatching system, and in the case of eggs and transfer discs for the opposite side of the plate, if necessary, you can also increase the number of inverted plate, to a certain extent, can solve the problem of embryonic development. (2) Proper ventilation and air exchange operations to keep fresh air clean In the incubation process, embryos pass through the incubator's air inlet and outlet and the hatchery's air inlet and exhaust system to continuously exchange gas with the outside world and increase in proportion to the growth of the embryonic age. From the 7th embryonic day onwards, embryos have their own body temperature. At this time, the calorific value of the embryo is still less than the caloric loss. By the time of 10-11 embryos, the embryonic heat production exceeds the loss of heat. After that, the embryonic metabolism is strengthened and the calorific value is even greater. If the incubator is fully ventilated and the temperature difference is small, the hatching rate is relatively consistent. Most of the incubators' air intake exceeds the need, and the oxygen supply is sufficient. Excessive ventilation should be avoided because the temperature and relative humidity in the hyperventilator incubator are difficult to maintain, reducing hatchability and chick quality. Correct ventilation and ventilation operations are as follows: First, the inlet and outlet vents can be closed in the first 5 days of the incubation period. Afterwards, the inlet and outlet vents are gradually opened as the age of the embryo increases until they are fully opened. Actual measurement with oxygen and carbon dioxide meter. If there is no instrument, it can be estimated whether the ventilation and air exchange is appropriate by observing the length of the temperature indicator and the stop lamp lighting time of the incubation controller. Under the normal conditions of the temperature control system, if the temperature indicator lights up, it means that the temperature in the incubator does not reach the predetermined value and the ventilation and ventilation are excessive. At this time, the inlet and outlet air holes can be turned down. If the stop temperature indicator light is on, it indicates that the ventilation and ventilation are insufficient, and the air inlet and outlet are adjustable. Second: If chick embryos develop normally on the 1st to the 17th day and the final hatching effect is not satisfactory, many normal embryos die when they die in the shell or in the clam shell, which may be 19-21 days of hatching. As a result, hatching effects can often be improved by enhancing ventilation measures. Some incubators have emergency vents that automatically open emergency vents when overheated. Third: The plateau is thin air with low oxygen content. According to the measurement, the altitude of more than 1,000 meters has a great influence on the hatching rate. If oxygen cylinders are used to increase the oxygen input, the hatching effect can be improved. (3) Do a good job in hatchery hygiene If batches are continuously hatched, there should be a spare incubator for regular disinfection of the incubator. If there is no spare incubator, it should be regularly shut down to completely disinfect the incubator. The hatchery health sanitation sees the third question. (D) Grasping two key periods in the hatching process According to the characteristics of embryonic development, hatching has two key periods: 1-7 embryos and 18-21 embryos. In the hatching operation, it is necessary to create the hatching conditions that are suitable for the development of the embryos in these two periods as much as possible, with attention paid to the heat preservation in the early stage and ventilation in the later stage. In order to raise the incubation temperature and reach the appropriate incubation temperature, the following measures should be taken to achieve the 1- 7 embryo age. Firstly, preheating the eggs before hatching is beneficial to the recovery and rejuvenation of chicken embryos, and can also reduce the temperature drop in the incubator. Shorten warming time. Second: 1-5 days of incubation, all in and out holes of the incubator are closed. Third: When using formalin and potassium permanganate to sterilize the eggs in the incubator, they should be dried after the surface of the egg shells are condensated and dried, and avoid embryonic eggs aged 24-96 hours. Fourth: before 5 embryos do not according to the egg, so as not to drastically reduce the incubator and egg surface temperature. The entire batch of eggs should be carried out after 5 embryos. When the egg is laid, the embryonic eggs with the small head up should be corrected. Because 60% of the embryo head is in the small head, when the oyster shell does not enter the air chamber for gas exchange, it will increase the rate of embryonic death. Fifth: Increase the ambient temperature of the incubator. Sixth: To avoid prolonged power outages. In the event of a blackout, in addition to increasing the temperature of the incubator, it is also possible to heat the water in a water tray. Embryo age 18-21 is the period from embryonic respiration to the respiration of the chorioalveolar vesicles of the embryo. The oxygen demand increases rapidly. The embryos are highly warm, and the pathogenic microorganisms in the shell rapidly spread in the incubator as the shells and hatching occur. The ventilation and ventilation during this period should be sufficient, and the following measures can be taken: First: Avoid the 18-embryo-age transfer to the hatching tray and transfer to the hatcher for hatching. The disc can be transferred early in advance at 17 embryos (or even 15-16 embryos), or when it is extended to 19 embryos (about 10% of the chick embryo pods). Second: increase the humidity when shelling, when hatching, and reduce the temperature. On the one hand, it is to prevent breakage of the eggshell, the evaporation of water within the egg is accelerated, and it is unfavorable for hatching; on the other hand, dehydration of the chicks can be prevented, especially when the hatching is maintained for a long time, and it is more important to increase the humidity. While raising the humidity, the hatching temperature of the hatcher should be reduced to avoid simultaneous high temperature and high humidity. The hatcher temperature during 19-21 embryo age should not exceed 37-37.5°C. Third: pay attention to ventilation, if necessary, increase ventilation. Fourth: Ensure normal power supply. At this point, even a short power outage has a great influence on the hatching effect. In the event of a power outage, the emergency measures are: Open the door, turn the board upside down, and use a thermometer to measure the temperature of the egg. At this time, the temperature indicated by the door thermometer must not represent the temperature in the hatcher! Fifth: The choice of cub time: Generally, 60-70% of chicks are hatched, and when the fluff is dry, they are bred for the first time. Prior to this, only empty shells were removed. After hatching, the unemerged embryos are collectively moved to the top of the hatcher for hatching. At the end of the game, you will pick up the youngster again and clean it. Sixth: Obstruction of the observation window: The chicks have phototaxis, and hatched chicks will crowd out to the front of the hatching disc, which is not conducive to the hatching of other embryonic eggs. Therefore, the observation window should be shaded to keep the hatched chicks quiet. Seventh: Prevent chick dehydration. Dehydration of chicks severely affects the survival rate and is irreversible, so chicks should not stay in the hatcher for a long time or be placed in the chick processing room. It is impossible for chicks to get out at the same time. Even if they are relatively tidy, the earliest hatching time and the latest hatching time will differ by 32-35 hours, plus a series of jobs after hatching (such as grading, injection, cutting, and identification). Etc.) The time will be longer. Therefore, it may have been more than 2 days before shelling from hatching to delivery to the breeder. Therefore, it should be promptly sent to the brooding room or sent to the user. If the breeder is healthy and nutritious, and the eggs are well managed, under normal hatch conditions, the mortality rate of embryos outside the two critical periods is very low. To understand whether embryonic development is normal, embryos can be cultured at 10-11 embryos, if the allantoic chorion membrane "collapses", indicating that embryos in the first half of the embryonic development are normal; embryonic eggs, such as embryonic egg heads, can also be illuminated by 17 embryos." "Close the door", indicating normal embryonic development, protein all into the amniotic cavity, and was devoured by embryos. The hatching effect should be analyzed frequently to guide the incubation work and breeder breeding management. In the analysis, fertilization rate and hatching rate should be studied separately in order to find the crux of the problem.
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