Explore the footprint of the world’s first somatic cell cloned buffalo

On November 19, the world’s first somatic cell clone buffalo was born at Guangxi University. Although this cloned buffalo had died in breathlessness after only surviving for 30 minutes in vitro, experts believe that the safety of the calves is normal and that all physiological indicators are normal, which means that the technical level of the somatic cell clone buffalo in China has reached the international level. Leading level. No pain no gain. On the way to the maturity of this technology, the researchers behind it condense how much effort! To this end, the reporter visited Dr. Shi Deshun, one of the principal responsible for the experiments of the Animal Reproduction Institute of Guangxi University. Leader: Dr. Shi Deshun - The tireless Dr. Niu talks about Dr. Shi, who is really a Ph.D. who has a close relationship with cattle. This is not only because he has been tirelessly committed to the research of cattle for more than a decade, but also because he has a "bovine" strength on the road to scientific exploration. Dr. Shi Deshun went to Ireland to study for a doctorate from 1989 to 1991. During this time, he began extensive and in-depth research on bovine in vitro fertilization. In 1991, after returning from studies, he was assigned to his alma mater, Guangxi Agricultural University, as an associate researcher in the Animal Reproduction Research Department, and he was specifically responsible for the research work on the “863 Bovine In Vitro Fertilization Technology Research and Development” project of the national “863” project. The road is long and arduous, and the road to science is often bumpy. However, Dr. Shi overcame one difficulty after another with his “bovine” strength and “cattle” patience, and finally reached the peak of success. When he first returned to China, the school’s teaching and scientific research conditions were very difficult, but this did not have less enthusiasm for him to devote himself to scientific research. At that time, when two colleagues of animal breeding research went abroad to get to the tide, he decided to stay devoted to his scientific research. At that time, the institute was only a total of 9 people and no assistants. During the three years from 1991 to 1994, Dr. Shi got up at 4 am to buy a fresh bovine ovary for research. He rode on his old bicycle and ran in a slaughterhouse in Nanning. In order to save research funds, he also "reviewed the literati" and learned to bargain and grind. Not only that, but his experiment was not easy in scientific research. In the study of cloned cattle, he encountered many difficulties. The first is the shortage of funds. Fortunately, the Rowan dairy farms extended a helping hand to them and provided them with some cows. Therefore, the study of cloned cattle was able to enter a substantive stage. But the experiment is not going so smoothly. For the first time, Dr. Shi and the team members transplanted embryos into 12 cows and had only one pregnancy. However, after 5 months, the cows were miscarried. But they did not give up and continued to transplant the second batch of cloned embryos into five cows. Three months later, another cow became pregnant. Finally, on July 14, 1995, the first embryonic cell clone of Chinese burdock was born. This experiment of somatic cell cloned buffalo came from failure. In 2000 he led the institute personnel to begin the cultivation of buffalo donor cells. In 2002 their research made a breakthrough. However, because the cells taken at that time came from a 22-year-old cow, the cells were highly differentiated and the pregnant cows were miscarried. Later, they decided to use the buffalo fetus's fibroblasts to conduct another experiment. On December 17, 2003, they implanted the cloned embryo into the belly of a 4-year-old cow. On November 19 this year, the calf was born. This means that they have achieved world-leading somatic cell cloning technology. Looking Back: The Mature Clone Technology of Japan - The Brilliant Glory Coming Back The more than ten years of scientific research can describe the achievements made by the Animal Reproduction Institute of Guangxi University with "hard and brilliant". And this research in cloning technology is even more prominent. As we all know, Guangxi is in a poverty-stricken area, and the reputation of Guangxi University in the country is not very large, and the funds invested by the state are extremely limited. Especially in the early 90s of the last century, the school’s teaching and scientific research equipment was very unsatisfactory. In various studies, the shortage of talents and funds often becomes a big problem. However, the staff of the institute were not discouraged. They continued to work hard to win one after another opportunity. In 1998, the discipline of animal genetics, breeding and reproduction received the right to confer doctoral degrees, which solved the problem of talented people; Four research projects, including the plan and the National Natural Science and Technology Fund project, solved the problem of research funding. In 1991, after returning to China, Dr. Shi Deshun took the new technology of bovine in vitro fertilization to the laboratory. Immediately afterwards, the research work on the “Study and Development of Bovine IVF Technology” of the “863” project of the country was specifically launched here. First, Dr. Shi established a set of efficient in-vitro production procedures for bovine embryos under domestic conditions based on possible interactions between the components of the culture medium and the environmental conditions. A total of 228 calves were bred in the test tube, and all major technical indicators reached the international advanced level. . In 1993, the "Bovine Egg Cell Nuclear Transplantation" research issued by the District Education Committee was under Dr. Shi's auspices and achieved a breakthrough. On July 14, 1995, the institute cooperated with Professor Tan Liling of South China Normal University to study the successful cloning of the first embryonic cell in China, which filled our country's blankness in this field. In addition, Dr. Shi was responsible for the preparation of semen freezing and culture fluids in the study of buffalo in vitro fertilization technology, which made an important contribution to the success of the first test buffalo in China. Since 2000, Dr. Shi has led the researchers to begin the cultivation of buffalo somatic cell donor cells. This is the basic work of somatic cell cloned buffalo. After that, they used in vitro multi-generationally cultured fetal fibroblasts, adult animal granulosa cells, and auricular fibroblast cell lines as donor cells, and in vitro matured buffalo oocytes as recipient cells that were denucleated in the spindle imaging system. The buffalo cloned embryos were successfully obtained using the electrofusion nuclear transfer method. On December 17, 2003, the cloned embryo was implanted into the belly of a 4-year-old cow. By the time this cloned buffalo was born on November 19th this year, the Institute has reached the world's top level in somatic cell cloned buffalo technology. Outlook: Continue to work – providing reliable guarantees for the promotion of high-quality buffaloes in Guangxi Although the accidents in this buffalo cloning experiment left many regrets, all researchers were very sad, but Mr. Lu was pleased to tell us that One somatic cell clone, buffalo, has been pregnant for more than seven months and will be produced in March next year. When asked whether the study will continue in the future, Mr. Lu told us very firmly: Yes. We will continue to work hard. We will select more and better buffalo breeds for experimentation, provide better guarantees for the promotion of high-quality buffaloes in Guangxi, and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Guangxi. It is understood that buffalo is a major feature of Guangxi, but has long been mainly used for military purposes, milk production performance is low. In 1957 and 1974, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences imported river-type Mora and Nilailafi buffalos for milk from abroad, and scientifically improved the local buffaloes in Guangxi, which enabled Guangxi buffalo to plough and produce milk. At present, buffalo has become a major development advantage in Guangxi, especially the buffalo dairy industry has a very promising prospect in Guangxi.

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