Trace element fertilizer (referred to as micro-fertilizer) refers to fertilizer containing trace element nutrients, such as boron fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, copper fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer, iron fertilizer, chlorine fertilizer, etc., which may be a simple compound containing a trace element. It can also be a compound fertilizer and a compost containing a variety of trace amounts and a large amount of nutrients. Can be used as base fertilizer, seed fertilizer or spraying. Trace elements are chemical elements that are low in nature.
Some trace elements have biological significance and are essential for the normal growth and life of plants and animals. They are called “essential trace elements†or “micronutrientsâ€, often referred to as “trace elementsâ€.
The essential trace elements in plants and animals have strong specificity and are indispensable and irreplaceable. When supply is insufficient, plants often exhibit specific symptoms, crop yield is reduced, quality is degraded, and serious may occur. Absolutely produced. The application of trace element fertilizers is conducive to the increase in yield, which has been confirmed by scientific experiments and production tests.
Quantitatively speaking, for crops, the essential nutrient content between 0.2 and 200 mg / kg (by dry weight) is called "trace element". So far, it has been confirmed that trace elements necessary for crops include boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, iron, and chlorine.
These elements are manufactured into fertilizers by the factory, which are called trace element fertilizers. For example, zinc sulfate belongs to zinc fertilizer, borax and boric acid belong to boron fertilizer, manganese sulfate belongs to manganese fertilizer, ammonium molybdate belongs to molybdenum fertilizer, copper sulfate belongs to copper fertilizer and ferrous sulfate. Belongs to iron fertilizer and so on.
Folding classification:
There are many types of trace element fertilizers, which can be distinguished by elements or by type of compound.
1, by element
There are molybdenum fertilizer, boron fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, zinc fertilizer, copper fertilizer, iron fertilizer and so on. Boron and molybdenum are often anions, i.e., borate or molybdate; other elements are cations, and sulfates (such as zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, etc.) are commonly used.
Trace element fertilizer - ammonium chloride
1 Boron fertilizer: borax, boric acid, boron mud (boron slag), boron magnesium fertilizer, boron magnesium phosphate fertilizer, boron-containing superphosphate, boron-containing calcium nitrate, boron-containing calcium carbonate, boron-containing gypsum, boron-containing glass fertilizer, boron Mineral, boron-containing clay
2Molybdenum fertilizer: ammonium molybdate, sodium molybdate, molybdenum containing slag, molybdenum trioxide, molybdenum superphosphate
3 zinc fertilizer: zinc sulfate heptahydrate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, chelated zinc, zinc carbonate, zinc sulfide, zinc ammonium phosphate
4 Manganese fertilizer: manganese sulfate, manganese chloride, manganese carbonate, manganese-containing glass, manganese oxide, manganese-containing superphosphate, ammonium phosphate, manganese slag
5 copper fertilizer: copper sulfate pentahydrate, copper sulfate monohydrate, chelated copper, copper-bearing slag, copper carbonate, copper oxide, cuprous oxide, copper sulfide, copper ammonium phosphate
6 iron fertilizer: ferrous sulfate, ammonium ferrous sulfate, chelated iron, iron sulfate, ammonium iron phosphate
7 Chlorine fertilizer: calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride
2, according to the type of compound
1 soluble inorganic salts: belonging to instant micro-fertilizers, such as sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, etc. The molybdenum fertilizer is molybdate and the boron fertilizer is boric acid or borate. 2 Inorganic salts with less solubility: belonging to slow-acting micro-fertilizers, such as phosphates, carbonates, chlorides, and the like.
3 Glass fertilizer: It is a silicate type powder containing trace elements, which is a glassy substance which is melted or sintered at a high temperature and has a low solubility.
4 Chelate Fertilizer: A natural or synthetic chelated compound that sequesters with trace elements.
5 Mixed fertilizer: It is a mixed fertilizer made by adding one or more trace elements to NPK fertilizer.
6 compound fertilizer: It is a compound made of NPK fertilizer and a trace element or several trace elements.
7 Industrial waste containing trace elements: It usually contains a certain amount of certain trace elements, and can also be used as a trace element fertilizer, which is generally a slow-acting fertilizer.
In addition, various organic fertilizers contain a certain amount of various trace elements, which is a fertilizer source for trace element fertilizers, but it cannot be considered that organic fertilizers can fully meet the needs of crops for trace elements.
Common types:
Boron fertilizer: mainly boric acid and borax. They are all white powders that are readily soluble in water and contain 17% and 13% boron, respectively. Usually 0.05 to 0.25% of borax solution is applied to the soil.
Zinc fertilizer: mainly zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O, containing about 23% Zn) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2, containing about 47.5% Zn). They are all white crystals that are readily soluble in water. The zinc salt should be prevented from being fixed by phosphorus when applied. Usually, 0.02~0.05% ZnSO4·7H2O solution is used for soaking or 0.01~0.05% ZnSO4·7H2O solution for foliar topdressing.
Molybdenum fertilizer: commonly used ammonium molybdate [(NH4)2MoO4], containing about 50% molybdenum, and containing 6% nitrogen, soluble in water. It is usually sprayed with 0.02-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution. It has a good effect on legumes and vegetables, and has little effect on grass crops.
Manganese fertilizer: Commonly used is manganese sulfate crystal (MnSO4·3H2O), containing 26-28% manganese, which is a pink crystal that is easily soluble in water. It is generally sprayed with an aqueous solution containing 0.05 to 0.1% of manganese fertilizer.
Copper fertilizer: commonly used is copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), containing 24 to 25% copper, is a blue crystal that is easily soluble in water. Generally, it is sprayed with a solution of 0.02 to 0.04%, or soaked with a solution of 0.01 to 0.05%.
Iron fertilizer: commonly used green earthworm (FeSO4·7H2O). The green cockroach is formulated into a 0.1 to 0.2% solution for application.
Application:
Trace element fertilizers are mainly inorganic salts or oxides. Some minerals, metallurgical by-products or waste materials can often be used as raw materials for trace element fertilizers. The production methods are the same as those for inorganic chemical products.
In addition, there are two forms of trace element fertilizers: one is a glassy substance containing trace nutrients, which is made by co-melting the corresponding inorganic salt or oxide with silica; the other is chelation of metal elements. For example, a chelate of copper, iron, manganese and zinc with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). This chelated micronutrient fertilizer is effective and quick-acting, but it is costly and has not been widely used.
There are two methods for applying trace element fertilizers: soil application and foliar application. Since the application amount per unit area is small, it must be diluted with a large amount of inert material before application, and uneven application may poison some crops. Trace element fertilizers are often mixed into a constant fertilizer for application together. Usually use the following
Several methods:
1. Mix in the production of constant granular fertilizer. This method is convenient and economical, and does not produce nutrient unevenness. The disadvantage is that the flexibility is poor and it is difficult to meet various requirements of the market.
2. Apply the trace element fertilizer powder to the surface of the constant granular fertilizer. This operation can be carried out in a secondary processing plant and can meet the needs of the market at any time. The constant granular fertilizer and the trace element fertilizer are mixed in a small mixer for about 1 minute, and then a small amount of an aqueous solution of oil, water or trace element salts is sprayed, and mixing is continued, and the product remains dry.
Fertilizer effect:
The fertilizer effect of trace element fertilizer is related to the nature of the soil. In alkaline soils, in addition to the increased effectiveness of molybdenum, others reduce fertilizer efficiency. For the valence element, the solubility of the reduced salt is generally larger than that of the oxidized salt, so the soil has a reducing property, and the fertilization effects of elements such as iron, manganese and copper are increased. Organic acids in soil organic matter have a synergistic effect on some elements, and complexes formed with iron can increase the fertilizer efficiency of iron, but reduce the fertilizer efficiency of copper and zinc.
Instructions:
1. Micro-fertilizer commonly used in soil fertilization In addition to chemical fertilizers (such as borax, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, etc.), there are integrated fertilizers, glass fertilizers, slag or scraps, which are usually used as base fertilizers and seed fertilizers.
The application method is as follows: before planting, combined with soil preparation, or mixed with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other chemical fertilizers, the application amount is determined according to the type of crops and micro-fertilizers, and generally should not be too large. For example, for rice, zinc sulphate is applied 1 kg per mu, borax is generally used from 0.5 kg to 1 kg per mu, and it should be mixed with manure and other organic fertilizers to prevent local damage caused by concentrated application.
2, the external top dressing will be soluble micro-fertilizer into a certain concentration of aqueous solution, spray on the stems and leaves of the crop. The advantage of this method is to avoid the harm caused by uneven fertilizer in the soil. At the same time, it can be sprayed several times according to the specific needs in different development stages of the crop to improve the fertilizer efficiency. Conditional areas can be mechanically or aircraft sprayed on a large area, typically at a spray concentration of 0.01% to 0.05%.
3. Seed treatment Soaking seeds or seed dressing with an aqueous solution of trace elements before sowing is the most economical and effective method of use, which can greatly save the amount of fertilizer used. The soaking solution concentration of boric acid or borax is 0.01% to 0.03%. Only 5 liters of this solution is used per 500 kg of seed. Soybean is planted with ammonium molybdate, which requires only 10 to 20 grams per acre.
In the 1940s, China began to study the effects of trace elements on plant growth and development. The content of trace elements in soil and its morphology began to be studied in the 1950s. In the 1960s, the application of micro-fertilizer in production was studied. It was discovered that soybean key fertilizer increased production, soil was deficient in boron, rape was not real, cotton was not flowering, soil was zinc-deficient, rice was seedling and sitting on corn. Flower white seedlings, targeted zinc and boron fertilizers, significantly increased production, greatly promoting the application of micro-fertilizer.
Precautions:
Pay attention to the application rate and concentration
Crops require very little trace elements, and the range from moderate to excessive is very narrow, so it is necessary to prevent excessive use of micro-fertilizers. The soil must be applied evenly when applied, and the concentration should be ensured. Otherwise, it will cause plant poisoning, pollute the soil and the environment, and even enter the food chain, which will hinder the health of humans and animals.
Pay attention to improving soil environmental conditions
The lack of trace elements is often not due to the low content of trace elements in the soil, but its low effectiveness. It can be effectively improved by adjusting soil conditions such as soil pH, redox, soil texture, organic matter content, soil water content, etc. Soil micronutrient nutrition conditions.
Pay attention to the application with a large amount of elemental fertilizer
Trace elements and N, P, K and other nutrients are equally important and irreplaceable. Only when the requirements of plants for a large number of elements are met, the application of trace element fertilizers can fully exert the fertilizer effect, in order to show obvious yield increase effects. (Some of the content comes from the organic fertilizer agrochemicals)
This article URL: This is probably the most detailed introduction to trace element fertilizer.
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