How can the potato be cultivated to achieve high yield? Potato is one of China's food crops, and it is also one of the four food crops in the world. It has a high yield and can fill the stomach. Let's take a look at how the high-yield potato can be harvested.
1 Soil selection
The potato is suitable for growth in loose soil, especially in the tuber expansion period, the soil permeability is higher, and the soil p H value is preferably in the range of 6-8. At the same time, the soil should have sufficient fertility, the soil layer is deep, and there are good irrigation and drainage conditions, which are necessary for potato growth.
2 improved species selection
The potato varieties used should have strong disease resistance, the potato shape should be intact, the skin should be fine and smooth, no pests and diseases, no mechanical damage, mainly composed of strong potato, and the weight is about 25~50g.
3 seed treatment
Place the seed potatoes in the sun for 2~3d, 3~4h every day, and choose the bad potato and the diseased potato. A complete seed potato should be used. If the seed potato is large, it needs to be diced, but each piece weighs at least 50g. Usually the potato pieces are 20~25g, with 1~2 buds, and then dried. When dressing, it should be even, use 4%~8% carbendazim or methyl thiophanate to mix seeds, and add a certain amount of grass ash to play the role of disinfection and accelerate the healing speed of the incision.
4 Fertilization
After harvesting the crops before harvest, it should be 20~25cm deep. The potato mainly absorbs potassium fertilizer, followed by nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. It combines with the whole land before planting, and 667m applies high-quality decomposed farmyard manure 3000~4000kg, diammonium phosphate 25kg, urea 20kg, potassium sulfate 15kg and zinc sulfate 2kg.
5 timely sowing
The mulching potato should be sown in a timely manner. Early seeding will prolong the emergence period, and there will be problems of rotten seedlings, and later planting will speed up the emergence of seedlings and affect the final yield [1]. The best time for planting potato in Hai'an County is from mid-December to early January.
6 Reasonable close planting
Because of the different ridge types, cultivation methods, planting methods, soil conditions and varieties, the planting density of potatoes has also changed accordingly. Usually, the early maturing varieties are 4000~4500 plants/667m, the row spacing is 50cm; the middle maturity varieties are 3600~3800 plants/667m, the row spacing is 45cm; the late maturing varieties are 3200~3400 plants/667m, and the row spacing is 45cm. In addition, the density of potato cultivation depends mainly on the fertility of the soil. If the soil fertility is low, it is necessary to appropriately increase the density of planting. If the soil fertility is high, you should choose late-maturing varieties, slightly reduce the planting density, avoid the above-ground part, waste nutrients and water, and promote tuber enlargement.
7 Field management
7.1 Seedlings
In order to increase the yield of potato planting, it is necessary to strengthen the management of seedling stage and do a good job of seedling release. The time depends mainly on the temperature and humidity of the environment, and the film is coated after sowing. Early release of the seedlings will be frostbitten, and the release of the seedlings will cause the seedlings to be burnt. Before putting the seedlings, open the membrane on the seedlings, and then place the seedlings outside the membrane the next day, and seal the surrounding of the seedling holes with fine soil. In the process of potato seedling growth, management must be strengthened to observe the presence or absence of seed hole dislocation, knotting, etc. If there is a problem, the solution should be taken at the first time. During the process of placing the seedlings, the seedlings are observed, and the diseased seedlings are removed to avoid expanding the scope of infection. After the diseased seedlings are pulled out together with the seed potatoes, the position of the diseased seedlings is sealed with soil, and the position of the diseased plants should be kept at least 15 cm away from the position of the diseased plants. To plant a certain amount of spare seedlings in Tiantou, the soil is too dry, and should be transplanted by water. If double seedlings or 4 seedlings are used, no seedlings need to be added.
7.2 Fertilizer management
The mulch potato is usually selected from the base fertilizer, and the nitrogen fertilizer is promptly applied before the bud. In the process of topdressing, it should be calculated according to the total amount of fertilization, usually 1/3 of the total amount. It should be topdressed once or twice, respectively, in the seedling stage and after the bud. After flowering, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed on the leaves to allow the tubers to expand as quickly as possible, allowing the starch to accumulate faster. In the bud stage to the flowering stage, the demand for water is large, and it is necessary to properly irrigate according to the soil moisture, to ensure that the relative water content of the soil is always 65% of the seedling stage, 75%~80% of the tuber formation and growth period, and starch accumulation. 60%~65% of the period. Do a good job in the management of fertilizer and water, so that the part of the ground before the bud can grow as soon as possible, and then the underground part will accelerate the growth.
7.3 Topping
If the soil fertility is low, the water is sufficient and the density is high, the light receiving from the lower leaves will not be enough, affecting the normal ventilation and ventilation, reducing the carbon dioxide content, resulting in the upper and lower stems and leaves, and lodging problems [2]. At this time, the top bud and the upper side bud should be removed in time. If the length is serious, it is necessary to remove the leaves that have not been unfolded at the top, so as to prevent the lengthening and creating good lighting conditions for the small and medium-sized leaves. For normal growing fields, flowering and buds should be removed, which can reduce the consumption of light and products, promote tuber swelling, and accumulate more starch.
8 pest control
Strengthening the control of pests and diseases on the ground potato can ensure the yield. The main pests and diseases are late blight, tigers, crickets and crickets. For the prevention and treatment of late blight, 58% of the metalaxyl Mn-Zn wettable powder 600 times solution is sprayed onto the potato leaf surface for 3~4 times. For the control of ground tigers, cockroaches and cockroaches, 3% phorate granules can be used, and the dosage is 3~4kg. Spraying on the soil can effectively kill these common pests.
9 timely harvest
Timely harvesting is also an important part of the cultivation of mulch potatoes. For potatoes sold on the market, it needs to be harvested a few days in advance to ensure a higher output value. If the potato is used for other purposes, harvest it after it is fully mature to avoid affecting the yield.
The above is the high-yield planting technology of potato mulching covered by Huinong.com. If you need the technique of covering the potato with the mulch, you can come over and have a lot of reference!
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