The high-temperature stuffy shed has been popularized for many years, and its main purpose is to kill harmful bacteria and harmful insect eggs in the soil. Although almost most of the sheds have been exposed to high temperatures every summer, many vegetable farmers still report that the effect of the sheds is not satisfactory, and dead trees and nematodes still occur seriously. Why is this? What countermeasures should be taken?
The replenishment time of microorganisms is unreasonable
Usually, the time for replenishing microbial bacteria in the high temperature stuffy shed is after the stuffy shed, but experts think this is unreasonable. Vegetable farmers will definitely ask: microbes are introduced in front of the stuffy shed, will they be killed after the high temperature stuffy shed? Is it still effective?
The high-temperature stuffy shed mainly kills low-temperature bacteria, while the high-temperature bacteria are basically unaffected. This is because when the temperature in the shed reaches 80°C, the temperature at 10 cm of the soil surface is only 50°C, and the temperature will decrease further down. Microorganisms can basically survive. After a week in the silo, the surviving microorganisms below 10 cm on the surface will multiply in large numbers. Compared with the supplementation of microorganisms after the silo (the supplemented microorganisms are still in spore dormancy and cannot grow and reproduce rapidly in a short period of time), it can be quickly restored The number of soil microorganisms is better.
Did not pay attention to supplementing chitin
Supplementing macromolecule chitin before the stuffy shed can greatly promote the growth of biological bacteria. It is understood that after the application of high-molecular chitin, at a ground temperature of 25℃, the proliferation speed of bacillus and other bacteria increased by 5-8 times, and the number of actinomycetes increased by nearly 30 times. Everyone knows that actinomycetes can inhibit the growth of nematodes. , And macromolecular chitin can promote the proliferation of actinomycetes after decomposing in the soil. Therefore, the application of macromolecular chitin before the shed can achieve the purpose of reducing soil nematodes.
Insufficient soil tillage
The root system of most vegetables is mainly concentrated in the 15-25 cm soil layer, and the commonly used rotary tiller, the tilling depth is generally 15-18 cm, if the plough layer is not turned deeply for a long time, it will make the plow bottom hard , The root system is difficult to grow downward. Therefore, it is recommended that vegetable farmers first apply the microbial agents, organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers in the bottom fertilizer to the soil before the stuffy shed, and then use the rotary tiller with large gears to turn the ground deeply, especially for the old shed, such rotary tillage The rotary cultivator is larger than the conventional rotary cultivator. It can break the bottom of the plough and turn the hardened topsoil from the upper layer to the bottom, turning a certain depth of compacted soil into a loose and finely fragmented plough layer, thereby increasing soil porosity Enhance soil permeability, promote deep rooting, and improve vegetable resistance. For peppers with shallow roots, the depth is 25 cm. For other nightshade vegetables such as eggplant and tomatoes, the depth is 35-40 cm to ensure that the root system is deep and there are enough roots, which is beneficial to the slow seedling of vegetables. And healthy growth.
Conditional vegetable growers are advised to perform manual deep translation every other year. Manually turning the ground can not only increase the depth of turning the ground and increase the thickness of tillage, but also after turning the ground manually, the soil gap will be larger and the effect of the stuffy shed will be greatly enhanced.
There is no flooding after the stuffy shed
The combination of dryness and dampness in the high temperature stuffy shed will make the stuffy shed better. When the dryness is over, it is recommended that the vegetable growers choose sunny days to release the wind, carry out flood irrigation, and then close the air outlets for 24 hours of dampness. The purpose is to let the harmful bacteria, insects and eggs have a "movement" process after the soil is wet, that is, just now Germination or transformation, no matter how boring at this time, the killing effect will be better and more thorough.
Microbial agents are not applied throughout
After the shed, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil should be increased by artificial replenishment. Supplementing beneficial bacteria is a long-term process. It is recommended to add microbial agents to vegetable farmers' base fertilizers, especially beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma, to occupy soil space in advance, inhibit the proliferation of pathogens, and consolidate the silo effect. After the microbial agent is applied to the soil, the microbial bacteria will have a process of adaptation, growth, and reproduction, and will not immediately show the effect. Only the effective bacteria can be effective after a certain number of effective bacteria multiply in the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to remind the vegetable growers that the microbial bacteria The agent is used continuously throughout the whole process, especially in the greenhouses with serious soil-borne diseases or nematodes. The number of beneficial bacteria needs to be dominant in the soil before these beneficial bacteria can gradually "fight against" the soil. The harmful bacteria can inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, and only flushing or irrigating the root once or twice, even the best product can hardly achieve the desired effect. To put it simply, microbial bacteria need to be applied consistently to see the effect.
In addition to the entire application of microbial agents to increase the types and numbers of beneficial microorganisms, the content of soil organic matter must also be continuously increased. This is because organic matter can not only promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, but also the survival of various microorganisms. food". Therefore, after the stuffy shed, fully decomposed manure or commercial organic fertilizer rich in organic matter is applied before vegetable planting. These organic fertilizers provide a large amount of organic matter and nutrients for vegetable growth and soil improvement, keeping the soil fertile, and also for microorganisms. The reproduction of bacteria provides enough food, which is conducive to the proliferation, and the organic fertilizer is more conducive to the absorption of vegetables under the decomposition of beneficial bacteria.
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