Nowadays, artificial intelligence is no longer a proper term in science fiction. It has broken through the technological inflection point of “cannot be used, not used†to “usable†and entered a period of explosive growth. In the medical field, artificial intelligence has been able to quickly diagnose diseases, perform surgery, and conduct health monitoring. In April 2018, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Development of "Internet + Medical Health"", clearly proposing the promotion of "Internet +" artificial intelligence application services. This means that “artificial intelligence + medical care†will substantially change people's medical treatment model and help build healthy China. - Editor 　
"Medical" over young doctors
After continuous training, "artificial intelligence doctors", "eyes", "ears" and "brains" are increasingly developed, involving more and more diseases and wider fields.
Will "see" the image, will "read" the medical record, will "move" the operation, will "do" the examination, will also give clinical diagnosis recommendations; "medical skills" more than young doctors, some areas can be compared with senior doctors. It is the "artificial intelligence doctor."
Like human doctors, "artificial intelligence doctors" also look at the disease by means of sight, smell, and hearing.
Taking pulmonary nodules as an example, as small as 1 mm of lesions, the reading doctor needs to look at the CT images to find out the size and density. Senior reading doctors read an average of 10 minutes, and large hospitals have more than 100,000 films per day. The doctors' work is intense and heavy. Nowadays, some hospitals have begun to introduce artificial intelligence system screening, and the reading time has dropped to one and a half minutes.
"Artificial intelligence doctors" are not only efficient, but also more detailed and comprehensive in terms of diagnosis. In the Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, the artificial intelligence system developed by Yitu Medical can not only detect lung nodular lesions, but also describe the multi-dimensionality of lesion traits, including size, volume, density, CT value, nodule characterization. It can cover 6 common signs of benign and malignant - lobes, burrs, pleural depression, cavities, vacuoles, calcification. Ali's health-developed system screens peripheral conditions, including pulmonary vesicles, arteriosclerosis, lymphaticization, increased lung density, and cords.
Artificial intelligence is equipped with "eyes", which can read standardized images and screen for lesions. The affiliated hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology clinically tested the "artificial intelligence doctor" and found that its detection rate reached 95.78%, but the false positive rate was only 2.63%. In 2018, 60 imaging specialists in the hospital interpreted more than 150,000 images through the AI ​​system.
In addition, "artificial intelligence doctors" can also check for esophageal cancer, diabetic retinopathy, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and other diseases, and even check the bone age of children, the technical level is no less than senior doctors.
Artificial intelligence also has a sensitive "ear". In Fuyang District, Hefei City, Anhui Province, Keda Xunfei Zhizhi Assistant has been employed in community health service institutions in 2018. During the communication between doctors and patients, the intellectual assistants generated and automatically extracted medical records through big data and intelligent voice technology. Similar cases, clinical guidelines, and symptomatic drugs can also be consulted. At present, the system has completed more than 7,000 person-time auxiliary diagnosis recommendations.
Recently, "artificial intelligence doctors" also installed "brains." At the Guangzhou Women and Children Center, the artificial intelligence system learns to “read†the medical records and then give a diagnosis like a human doctor. The doctor enters the patient's complaint, symptoms, personal disease history, test results, imaging findings, medication status and other information into the medical record text, and the system automatically converts the free medical record text into standardized, standardized and structured data. After the artificial intelligence system "reads" the medical record, the diagnosis result is given.
Is the “Artificial Intelligence Doctor†diagnostic accuracy high? Taking respiratory diseases as an example, the diagnostic accuracy of the artificial intelligence for upper respiratory diseases and lower respiratory diseases is 89% and 87%, respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy for different types of asthma is between 83% and 97%.
After continuous training, "artificial intelligence doctors", "eyes", "ears" and "brains" are increasingly developed, involving more and more diseases and wider fields, including clinical assistants, auxiliary medical treatment, medical imaging, genetic testing, and health. Management, etc.
Artificial intelligence relies on massive data
The degree of standardization of data in various disciplines affects the degree of application of artificial intelligence. Different hospital equipments are different, and the data dimensions are different.
The doctor's long-term skills, one depends on medical colleges and universities, and the second is based on clinical experience. What is the "artificial intelligence doctor"? Rely on massive data and cloud computing capabilities. After “eat†the data, after continuous training of clinical thinking, the system can be treated like a human doctor.
After “eating†massive data, the machine can not only be a doctor, but also can do research, teaching, management, etc., to help doctors and hospitals to improve scientific research and improve their ability to diagnose and treat.
In Huaxi Hospital of Sichuan University, Yitu Medical included the full-scale desensitization clinical data of lung cancer patients admitted to the hospital from 2009 to now, and opened up a number of systematic data such as clinical outpatient, hospitalization, medical records and pathology, and established the first clinical research of lung cancer in China. Intelligent disease library. With this disease library, the research capacity of several hospitals related to lung cancer diagnosis and treatment has been greatly enhanced, and other medical associations have also benefited a lot.
Ali Health Artificial Intelligence Medical has been upgraded to version 2.0. In addition to clinical, there are also text research and imaging research platform functions, providing virtual patients and VR simulation surgery for teaching.
In the health room of Renzhuang Village, Jixian County, Henan Province, the reporter saw the micro-medical artificial intelligence auxiliary diagnosis system - the general auxiliary medical treatment system, the hanging pot Taiwanese Chinese medicine intelligent diagnosis and treatment system. The village doctor Zhang Qiaofen simply enters the patient's basic symptoms, medical history, etc., and can immediately see the relevant critical illnesses, common diseases may prompt. "We rarely get into critical illness, but we still worry that if we misdiagnose it, we will delay the treatment of the villagers."
According to reports, this general-assisted diagnosis and treatment system has more than 2,000 documents and more than 5,000 symptoms, and the hit rate has reached 90% by learning more than 5 million documents, 10 million medical records and health records. The accumulated auxiliary prescription of the Chinese medicine intelligent diagnosis and treatment system of the hanging pot has exceeded 2 million.
"The basic level of doctors' service ability is not strong, artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis and treatment can make up for the shortage of resources and improve the service level of doctors." Chen Qiulin, director of the Social Security Research Office of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that medical artificial intelligence can improve medical diagnosis. The accuracy can also replace some of the operations in high-precision surgery, and can replace some human resources in some medical services, thus reducing medical expenses.
The data of artificial intelligence learning has to be converted into a structured format from the clinical, and then the model is made, and the results are calculated and studied according to the clinical diagnosis and treatment thinking. Data is the key, and the degree of standardization of data in various disciplines affects the degree of application of artificial intelligence.
Ni Hao, president of Yitu Medical, told reporters that medical data is not a standard issue. Although the image is a well-standardized batch of data, different hospitals are still very different. The hospital equipment is different and the data dimensions are different. High-quality data is very rare, and it takes more algorithms to structure the data before it can be used.
In 2018, Ning Guang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and vice president of Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, led a team to work with Ali Health Artificial Intelligence Laboratory to develop the “Rining Sugar†artificial intelligence doctor. In the process of advancement, Ning Guang also found data problems, such as the lack of standard data, disease diagnostic criteria are not uniform, follow-up data scattered in various hospitals, poor data universality.
The degree of data standardization is related to the maturity of the discipline and the external conditions required for diagnosis. For example, the field of imaging is a unified standard from the beginning, and the degree of digital development is relatively high; dermatological diagnosis relies on pictures and video to identify lesions, etc., and artificial intelligence in these disciplines develops rapidly.
Machine and doctor work together to see a doctor
Medical care is not just about diagnosis and treatment. It also involves the interaction between doctors and patients, especially the doctor’s comfort to patients.
Artificial intelligence medical, will it replace the doctor? To be sure, it is not yet.
In 2017, the State Council's new generation of artificial intelligence planning proposed "developing human-machine synergistic surgical robots, intelligent diagnosis and treatment assistants" and "developing human-machine synergistic clinical intelligent diagnosis and treatment programs." This means that artificial intelligence is just an assistant to the doctor.
Some artificial intelligence researchers have suggested that only by understanding the psychology and clinical thinking of doctors and letting artificial intelligence learn this kind of thinking is the real medical artificial intelligence. However, this difficulty seems to be a bad breakthrough.
"I have a certain degree of skepticism about the diagnosis by the machine, and I need further testing in the future. Because medical treatment is not just diagnosis and treatment, it also involves the interaction between the doctor and the patient, especially the doctor's comfort to the patient. The role of substitution." Chen Qiulin said.
In the future, “artificial intelligence doctors†may work with human doctors. The reporter experienced this service model. On the Beijing image cloud platform, the artificial intelligence system intelligently detects and recognizes nearly 9000 lung nodules CT images of 30 patients uploaded from the primary hospital, and marks the suspected nodules detected in the first round as auxiliary diagnosis results. , provided to 4 radiologists for review. After the doctor reviewed it, he thought it could be adopted, that is, sign the report.
In this new service model, the final decision is still made by the doctor. Some clinicians say that it is first necessary to ensure that artificial intelligence products are technically sound and give reasonable diagnosis recommendations; secondly, training, transformation of concepts, and adaptation to new service models are required. The recognition and guidance of the doctor will increase the patient's trust in the artificial intelligence system.
At present, the development of the medical artificial intelligence industry is still facing problems. “The data in all fields of medical care are not interconnected. The final result is only large data, not big data. Medical artificial intelligence requires both medical and artificial intelligence. Currently, better companies or very good projects are developed. It is promoted by these two talents." Chen Qiulin said that because of the protection of personal privacy, it is necessary to define the property rights of medical data, and the property rights are clear and conducive to the realization of interconnection.
It is foreseeable that in the future, human beings will be inseparable from "artificial intelligence doctors." At that time, medical treatment was no longer “queuing medical treatmentâ€, but “second medical treatmentâ€, “precise medical treatment†and “personal medical treatmentâ€.
Source: People's Daily - People's Daily
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