The northern Zhejiang region is close to Shanghai, Suzhou, Hangzhou and other areas of the Yangtze River Delta. The cultivated asparagus has a broad sales market. In addition, asparagus can promote digestion and enhance appetite, and has a high health value. The yield of asparagus in the north of Zhejiang Province is 1000-1400kg/667m2, and the income is 6000-8000 yuan/667m2, which provides new ideas and new directions for farmers' cultivation, and at the same time improves the agricultural industrial chain. The following is for everyone to bring pollution-free asparagus cultivation measures in northern Zhejiang for reference!
1 variety selection
Selection is the basic link for high yield of asparagus. The selection of high-quality, high-yield, disease-resistant asparagus varieties can not only increase the yield of asparagus cultivation, but also reduce pests and diseases and improve product quality. Summarizing the experience of trial and demonstration in recent years, it is possible to select Grant, 308 and other varieties, which are characterized by early germination, fast growth, uniform thickness of roots and stems, tight scales of head scales, full color and dark green, good product performance and high output value. . In addition, its growing plants are dwarf-type, resistant to pests and diseases, and resistant to lodging. They are a combination of green and white bamboo shoots, and are ideal production varieties at this stage.
2 Optimized cultivation mode
2.1 greenhouse shelter from rain
Stem blight is a common disease of asparagus, which can lead to the death of asparagus in severe cases. The original pathogen produced by the disease is the fungus, the fungus, the fungus, and the main effect on the stem and branch of the asparagus. The pathogens remain in the field where the plants grow in the conidia, and the conidia are produced in the spring of the next year, and 20 to 30 °C is the most suitable temperature for germination. In the rainy season with high temperature and high humidity, it is the best stage of onset and spread. The use of greenhouses to shelter from rain can isolate the transport channels of water molecules.
2.2 Ridge cultivation
This kind of cultivation method is to avoid the influence of water accumulated in the field on asparagus. Normally, it is suitable for deep operation ditch and drainage ditch with a length of 6 m, a width of 145 cm and a ridge of 4, and a depth of 25 cm between the ridges. Seedlings are planted in the middle of the ridge, with a spacing of 30 to 35 cm per plant.
2.3 Micro drip irrigation system
Due to the limitation of asparagus cultivation conditions, a good drainage and irrigation system should be set up in the asparagus field, and irrigation operations should be carried out under different conditions to meet the planting conditions. Among them, the micro-drip irrigation system can gradually infiltrate water into the soil, reduce the evaporation rate and permeability of water, help solve the high-humidity environment caused by traditional irrigation conditions, not easy to preserve and absorb water, avoid disease and high water and fertilizer. Loss and other phenomena.
3 Preparation before broadcasting
3.1 Sowing
24 to 48 hours before sowing, pre-load the nutrient soil in the nutrient bowl, cover it with water after thorough watering, and cover tightly so that the nutrient soil is fully infiltrated and breeding. On the day of sowing, the film was opened, and a small hole of 1 cm deep was pulled out by means of a medium-sized stick. When the seed was planted, the seed was cultivated in a small hole, and after planting, a nutrient soil of 1 cm thickness was covered, and the film was covered again the next day after sowing. If it is summer, cover the top layer of the film with straw or straw. After a series of processes, cover the arch shed and cover the sunshade to prevent rain.
Water wash.
3.2 Seedling management
First of all, the temperature. The temperature in the bauxite should not be higher than 30 °C after the seeding is completed until the seedling stage is grown; 20 to 28 °C is best after emergence. Second, humidity. In the early stage, the irrigation was relatively moist. After the seedlings were dry, they were wet when needed according to the moisture demand. After the growth height reached 10 cm, they were mainly dry. Finally, it is cultivated. Asparagus is suitable for growth in sandy soil with deep and loose soil, rich in organic matter, low groundwater level, good drainage and irrigation performance and acid-alkaline adaptation. In the northern part of Zhejiang, the soil is generally sticky. Therefore, in order to meet the cultivation conditions of asparagus, the organic matter with heavier fiber, that is, mushroom slag, is used as a soil amendment to improve the local viscosity.
4 Field management
4.1 Colonization
It is generally required to colonize between about 5 small bamboo shoots. Colonization and growth of robust seedlings were planted in the ditch according to the classification, each planting distance of 30 ~ 35 cm. The transplanted plants were evenly spread on the soil surface, compacted tightly with a cover, and the root soil was closely mixed, and then uniformly mixed with 10000 kg of clean water, 40% of the dung material and 0.2 kg of asparagus green, and evenly shaken and applied to the planting ditch. And cover 5 ~ 6 cm of loose soil, similar to the shape of the turtle back. It should be noted that the buds of the seedlings are arranged on the ground with one end of the buds, and the concentrated buds are grown in the central position and dispersed evenly to improve the yield and quality of the asparagus.
4.2 Fertilization management
Asparagus is a perennial crop, and the age and management level of planting are different, and the yield gap is large. Therefore, according to the actual soil fertility, production level, etc., fully consider the demand for fertilizers of asparagus, determine the scientific amount of fertilizer, to achieve the purpose of improving production and quality. The normal 667 m2 of Chengling bamboo shoots is higher than 1000.0 kg, the nitrogen fertilizer is 27.2 kg, the phosphate fertilizer is 17.5 kg, and the potassium fertilizer is 23.75 kg. With reference to the different characteristics of different stages of asparagus growth and development, the key fertilization is carried out 3 times a year.
4.3 Watering management
Watering is the most important part, controlling the growth requirements of stems and leaves, and ensuring good growth of young stems by timely drainage. After the autumn, water is poured every 10 days to ensure the healthy growth of stems and leaves, prolong the accumulation of nutrients, and the soil is watered once before freezing. The pruning of the stems should also be reasonable to avoid the impact of pests and diseases and reduce the evaporation of water.
4.4 Retaining mother bamboo shoots and planting plants
4.4.1 Spring mother stems are kept. Retaining spring mother stems is related to the success of summer bamboo shoots. The time taken for the spring mother stem is generally determined according to the actual yield of the spring bamboo shoots and the quality of the bamboo shoots. Normally from early April to late April, the rainy season is the best time for spring shoots to stay away from the mother. Two-year-old asparagus is left for about three, three-year-old asparagus is left for about four, and four-year-old or more raw asparagus is left for about five, and no more than eight. Choose strong buds to keep, keep the mother stems and set up to remove weak branches, residual branches, diseased branches and weeds, and top the pile at a height of 1.5 m.
4.4.2 Autumn mother stems are kept. Raise the autumn and mother stems, fully store enough nutrients, and lay a high-quality foundation for spring bamboo shoot cultivation next year. The time for keeping the autumn mother stems generally starts from the beginning of August, and the normal uniformity of each plant (plate) is 6-8 plants, scattered distribution. Because the number of autumn female stems is large and strong, it is necessary to clean up the pruning in time to remove fine, weak, diseased branches and weeds, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases. In order to avoid the occurrence of typhoon resistance, improve the topping and piling work in time, and pull the double-line frame.
5 pest control
5.1 stem blight
Generally, it occurs in the main stem section 30 cm away from the ground. Invasive brown spots appear at intervals, and then gradually evolve into blue-gray or taupe, and simultaneously expand into a diamond shape, and most of the lesions are connected into strips. The edges of the lesions appear reddish brown at the edges, and the depressions in the middle are gray-brown, densely distributed with pointed small dots. For the prevention and treatment of such diseases, the first step is to select the land with high terrain, dry and favorable drainage. Secondly, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the pastoral area, remove the diseased stem and burn it or bury it; when fertilizing, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent the growth from being too strong. In the daily management and prevention process, pay close attention to the observation. Once such diseases are found, a certain proportion of methyl thiophanate solution, Bordeaux mixture, and dexamethasone anti-fold solution are used at the beginning of the disease, and sprayed once every 7 days, and sprayed two or three times continuously.
5.2 Rust, root rot and sclerotinia
The occurrence of rust will affect the cultivation effect. Therefore, the diseased stem should be completely burned out, and the comb should be topped in time to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field, and reduce the humidity in the field. The chlorothalonil solution and the sterilized Dan are used for prevention and treatment at the initial stage of the disease. Root rot will begin to rot in the cortex of the stem, and the roots will be affected by this, causing the main stem to rot, and finally until aging. In the seedling stage, benavirin can be used to infiltrate the root for 15 min. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum occurs mostly in the growth stage of young stems close to the ground. First, the fading gradually turns brown. Finally, the sclerotia like black squid is produced, and the control method is similar to stem blight.
5.3 Pests
Including cockroaches, cockroaches, species of flies, and golden worms, 25% of trichlorfon powder and 5 times of fine soil can be applied to the field, or 80% dichlorvos emulsion solution can be sprayed while fertilizing.
6 harvesting
The harvesting time should be adjusted according to the needs of the market. When harvesting, the asparagus and the underground rhizome part should be broken up and retrieved by hand, or harvested with a sharp knife at a depth of 2 cm. The harvesting period is mainly concentrated in spring and summer, and the time can be divided into morning and afternoon. Usually harvested in early April, when the average quality of the bamboo shoots is significantly reduced. The spring mother stems are kept in the late March of the harvest, and the autumn mother stems are kept in the early August.
After three or four years after planting, it enters the harvesting period, and the harvesting period is generally two or three months. The green asparagus shoots can be harvested when the young stems grow to 25 cm; the white asparagus shoots have a reduced harvesting standard, usually harvested around 18 cm. In addition, according to the quality pricing requirements of the products on the market, it is necessary to pick them when they grow 20 to 24 cm above the ground, and harvest them at 2 cm below the soil, and sell them in a centralized manner.
The above is all the content compiled by Xiaobian for everyone today. Welcome asparagus growers to come to Huinong.com!
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