Bao - the crown of the eight treasures in the sea, is a gastropod. There are more than 90 species known throughout the world. There are varieties of whelk abalone, variegated abalone, ear abalone, sheep abalone and big abalone in China's coastal areas. Bao meat is delicate, delicious, and high in nutritional value. Its shell is called "Shi Jueming," and it is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. With the improvement of the people's quality of life, the international market has a huge demand for Bao and the market has broad prospects. Therefore, the artificial breeding of abalone has developed rapidly in our country. Due to the different natural conditions in different regions, the culture methods developed are not the same. Now we will briefly introduce abalone's main breeding methods and advantages and disadvantages for reference. 1. Industrialized cultivation 1. Advantage 1. Less land occupation, easy centralized management, rapid growth, short growth cycle; 2 Manually controlled from seedling raising to commodity development; 3 Water environment is not affected by external factors such as weather and sea conditions. The warming water in winter can be recycled after treatment; 4 the degree of intensive cultivation is high, and the yield and profit per unit area are high; 5 the operation and management of feeding, water changing, observation, and disease prevention are easy. 2. Disadvantage 1 The investment cost of the plant facilities is high, the recovery period of the funds is relatively long, and the management workload is large; 2 the breeding density is high, the water quality monitoring is difficult, and the diseases are prone to occur; 3 The technical requirements for the culture technology and disease prevention and control technologies are relatively high. This type of farming mode is suitable for units with few sites, high land prices, and places where the site is far away from the sea, and where there are sufficient funds and strong technical forces. Liaoning and Shandong coasts use this method. Second, the pit aquaculture 1, advantage 1, compared with the factory's conservation of abundance save plant construction costs; 2 winter and cool summer tunnels, to provide good conditions for winter crossing Bao Yue winter, save winter heating costs; 3 due to perennial temperature inside the cave The abalone grows fast and has a long growth cycle. 4 It is easy to care and manage, and the survival rate of abalone is high. 5 The risk of breeding is small and it is not constrained by natural conditions (storms, tides). 2. Disadvantages 1 The capacity of the reservoir in the tunnel is small, the water exchange capacity is poor; 2 the water quality is easily deteriorated; 3 the ventilation capacity is poor. The harbor raising abalone is more suitable for coastal islands and the houses are closer to the excavation. It is easy to move seedlings and the funds are insufficient. The summer season has a higher temperature in the sea area, and it is more place in the winter than in other places. In addition, ventilation facilities and water and electricity equipment should be installed in the tunnel. Third, the shallow sea oyster raising Bao 1, advantage 1 can use sea Shanghai, scallops, oysters and other breeding trusses, to save investment costs; 2 water exchange conditions are good, adequate dissolved oxygen; 3 can save pumping, charging costs; 4 feeding The bait is easy to keep fresh; 5 management workload is small. 2. Disadvantages 1 Under the influence of natural conditions such as strong winds and tides, typhoons can easily lead to truss damage; 2 susceptibility to oyster seedlings and glass sea squirts attached to natural sea areas; 3 daily management is affected by severe weather; 4 poor safety performance . This method is suitable for harbors with better sea conditions, no pollution, oysters, sea squirts, and less attached to algae, less susceptible to or less affected by typhoons, and rich in kelp, wakame, and scallops in the bay. This way Shandong Jiaodong region Use more. Fourth, the inter-tidal barrier stone conservation Bao 1, advantage 1 make full use of the natural conditions of intertidal rocky terrain, less investment than oyster cultured Bao; 2 sources of convenient bait, easy to collect; 3 feeding convenience, easy observation of daily food intake, Growth condition; 4 Suitable for polyculture with sea cucumbers, high yield; 5 Natural drainage and drainage with tidal range. 2. Disadvantage 1 is affected greatly by tides; 2 is susceptible to coastal red tides and typhoons; 3 is susceptible to adhesion of sea squirts, oysters, and lime worms; 4 labor intensity at harvest is high and the abalone is vulnerable. This method is suitable for the existence of wild abalone in the intertidal zone, and the flow of the sea is smooth, there is no large-scale freshwater source injection, no industrial and domestic wastewater discharge, sea areas rich in scallops, sargassum, wild seaweed, and wakame are suitable for Shandong Jiaodong coastal areas. Fifth, the intertidal zone bed raising the abalone 1, advantage 1 This way is similar to the intertidal belt stone retaining abalone; 2 make full use of abalone ecological habits, to create a suitable artificial environment for its survival; 3 feeding convenience, more convenient daily abalone Observation of feeding, growth, and death; 4 higher survival rate of cultivation than that of stone-retaining abalone, and rapid growth; 5 susceptibility to polyculture with sea cucumbers, low labor intensity at harvest, and less abalone injuries; 6 feed loss, high utilization rate ; 7 can make full use of tidal offset, drainage, energy consumption of pumping, and reduce the cost of farming; 8 safety factor is higher than the sea bream culture. 2. Disadvantage 1 is easily affected by tides in the sea area; 2 It is affected by red tides and typhoons in the offshore areas; 3 Net gear needs to be replaced regularly, and Bao is susceptible to oysters and lime worms. This method is suitable for strips that are similar to the intertidal belt stone. VI. Submerged Caisson Bao 1, Advantage 1 Aquaculture environment is closer to natural waters; 2 Water environment is stable and dissolved oxygen is sufficient; 3 It is not affected by hazardous weather such as red tide, typhoon; 4 Investment cost is much lower than that of factory culture, and farming The survival rate is high; 5 is less susceptible to the attachment of algae, oysters, and the like, and the number of replacement of the nets is small. 2. Disadvantage 1 is more troublesome when feeding, and it is easily affected by severe weather. 2 After a few years of breeding, the caisson should be relocated, and the aquaculture waters should be replaced to avoid negative reactions to the excreta. 3 The management and harvesting are inconvenient. This method is more suitable for the bottom of the seabed rock reefs, the flow of the smooth, more wild-type algae, no domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater pollution of the flat seabed. In this way, Guangdong and Hainan use more coastal areas.
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