(I) Maize and small spot disease Maize large spot and small spot mainly damage the leaves, and sometimes invade the leaf sheath and temporal lobe. In addition to damaging the above sites, small spot disease can also damage the ear. In many regions, these two diseases are often referred to as "maize spot." 1. Symptom identification: The typical symptoms of corn leaf spot disease are rapid expansion from small lesions to long prismatic large spots, severe as long as 10-30 cm, sometimes several lesions together, forming an irregular shape spot. The lesions were initially immersed in water and quickly turned blue-gray, eventually turning brown with dead spots. When the air is wet, black moulds, namely conidial stems and conidia of germs, can grow on the lesions. Symptoms of corn leaf spot are characterized by small lesions, generally no more than 1 cm in length, and limited to only two veins, nearly elliptical, with a darker, darker rim. In addition, the number of lesions is generally more. The pathogens of corn leaf spot and blight were overwintering with conidia on the remnants of diseased plants, or latent in myasthenia with mycelia, and the second year of spore germination caused initial infection. The plants produce large numbers of conidia, which spread by wind and rain and cause re-infestation. 2. Influencing factors: Germination, invasion of invading spores and formation and spread of spores all require certain climatic conditions, of which temperature and humidity are the main ones. The optimum temperature for the formation, germination, and infestation of the spores of P. fulgitum is 20-25°C. The P. bacteroides is slightly higher than the large spot, and the optimum temperature is 20-32°C. Therefore, the small spot disease is more serious in the summer corn planting area, and the big spot disease is more serious in the spring corn area. Foreign said that the small spot is the southern corn leaf spot, and the large spot is the northern corn leaf spot. In the corn growing season, the temperature will always be able to meet the requirements of the bacteria, and the precipitation will become the decisive factor in the disease epidemic. Precipitation, high humidity, easy to cause disease epidemic. 3. Control methods: The epidemic of diseases is determined by three factors: first, planting susceptible varieties in large areas; secondly, there are pathogenic bacteria; thirdly, there are suitable environmental conditions for disease. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of diseases should start from these three aspects. (1) Selection of disease-resistant varieties: This is the fundamental way to control large and small spot diseases. Different varieties have obvious differences in disease resistance. At present, Zhongdan No.2, Zhongdan No.14, Sidan No.8, Danyu No.13, Shandan No.9, and tobacco bills are commonly used for disease resistance in growth. No. 14, Yuyu No. 11, etc. (2) Elimination of overwintering bacterium sources and reduction of bacterial count at the early stage of disease: Rotation of crop rotation can reduce the amount of bacteria. In addition, after the harvest of corn, field residues should be completely removed and deep-dipped in time. This is an important measure to reduce primary infection sources. In the early stages of the disease, before the onset of the bottom 4 leaves, the lower diseased leaves were destroyed, which can reduce the incidence of disease by half. Appropriate period of early sowing, so that the entire maize growth period in advance, can reduce the number of fertility days in the late high-humidity and more rainy stages, with the role of avoidance. Maize is a kind of fertilizer crop, strengthening the management of fertilizer and water can increase the resistance to disease. In addition, large leaf spot is a facultative parasite, and poorly-fertilized plants are susceptible to infestation, even though resistant varieties cannot show their resistance to disease in the absence of fertilizer or water. (3) Chemical control: At present, no ideal high-potency pharmaceuticals have been found. There are many tests in various areas. The agents that have certain effects are: 40% Ke Loo San Emulsion 500-1000 times, 50% Trichoderma WP 800 Dio , 50% ear bud net 1000 times liquid, 50% thiophanate-methyl 50-800 times liquid. The application of pesticide should be started at the early stage of the disease so that the disease can be controlled effectively. It is necessary to spray again and again after about 7 days. (b) Maize smut The disease mainly damages the ear and smallpox of corn. Once the disease occurs, the whole plant granules usually fail. Therefore, the incidence of the disease is equal to the loss rate of the disease, and the damage is quite serious. In many areas, the disease is often mixed with corn smut, collectively referred to as "Umi" and "gray bag", but the two diseases are actually different diseases caused by different bacteria, and should be distinguished. 1. Symptom identification: This disease is a systemic disease that is invaded from corn cole during the seedling stage. Symptoms are mainly after tasseling. The appearance of the diseased ear was shorter than that of the normal ear. The base was large and the tip was pointed. No filaments were extracted at the top. Sometimes the temporal lobe breaks open, exposing black powder, and the diseased ear turns into a black-brown spore heap. The spores are not easy to fly, and there is a residue of the vascular bundle of the corn plant. The diseased plants of the smallpox generally do not bear spikes, and the axillary lesions that have just been extracted turn into a small pile of black spores. Sometimes the small flowers distorted into leaves after the smallpox is extracted. 2. Influencing factors: pathogenic bacteria fall into the soil, mixed with manure, or a kind of special spores that can be carried by the seeds and can resist the adverse environment - the thick-season spores are overwintering, and under the appropriate conditions in the following year, the chlamydospores germinate and pass through. The coleoptiles invade the host seedlings. After the invasion, the hyphae entered the growing point of the plant, and with the growth of the plant, spread to the ear and smallpox to form a spore heap. After mature, the spores were spit out, and the infection cycle was completed once a year without reinfection. The amount of soil and manure as well as soil temperature and humidity conditions are the most important factors affecting the occurrence of this disease. When the soil temperature is relatively low and it is relatively dry, the emergence of maize is delayed, increasing the chance of pathogen infestation, and the incidence rate is high, which is conducive to the prevalence of head smut. On the contrary, the temperature is high, the emergence is fast, and the incidence is light. Therefore, in cold mountain areas, head smut occurs. According to tests, this pathogen can survive for 3 years in the soil, and it can effectively prevent and cure the disease after 3 years of dumping. 3, control methods: (1) selection of disease-resistant varieties: There is a significant difference in resistance between the varieties of the disease. At present, the commonly used disease-resistant varieties are Zhongdan No.2, Zhongdan No.14, Zhongdan No.12, Liaodan No.18, Danyu No.13, Shandan No.9, Yuyu No.2, and Yuyu No.11. (2) Implement crop rotation and deep plowing: continuous cropping for many years will make the amount of bacteria in the soil increase, and the incidence will be heavy. Implementation of rotation for more than three years basically eliminates the damage caused by diseases in the soil. In addition, the soil is deeply turned and the spores of the pathogen are overwhelmed by the sowing layer, and the source of the bacteria is reduced to reduce the incidence. (3) Pull out the diseased plant early: Pull out the diseased plant before the white film of the disease panicle does not break, and take the diseased plant out of the ground to deep-buried or burnt to prevent the bacteria from falling into the soil. (4) Chemical control: This disease is a one-time infestation disease at the seedling stage. The use of chemicals to prevent the invasion of pathogens during the seedling stage will effectively control the occurrence of this disease. First, with 25% triadimefon or oxytetrazin, 0.3% dose of seed dressing, the control effect of up to 90%. Corn paste can also be used as an adhesive to increase efficacy. Secondly, 70% pentachloronitrobenzene is used to make medicine soil with a dose of no more than 0.7%, and the seed-covering effect is better when sowing. Third, use seed dressings to prevent disease. At present, there are a variety of seed coating agents that can effectively control pests and diseases. According to the Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Siping City, Jilin Province, the treatment of corn smut was 63.3% to 87.3% after corn seed coating. (3) Grain rot of ear ear Maize ear rot is classified into many types due to different pathogens that cause corn damage, but the main ones are Fusarium ear rot, Aspergillus ear rot, Penicillium ear rot, and Chromobacterium sp. Caused dry rot and so on. 1. Symptom identification: The ear begins to develop from the top or base, and the large or whole ear rots. The diseased grains are shrinking, dull, and full, and sometimes the pink or white mycelium is often produced between the grains. In addition, some symptoms are only manifested on individual or partial grains, dense red powder on them, and diseased grains are easily broken. Some germs (eg, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp.) produce toxins during the growth process. Grains of ear rot caused by it can cause dizziness, nausea, and vomiting when they are made into products or eaten directly for human consumption. When diseased grains are used as feed, they often cause vomiting in pigs, which can cause death of livestock and poultry. 2. Factors affecting onset; due to the diversity of pathogens, there are many sources of germs, and carriers of bacteria, diseases, and other crops may cause disease in the field, and may cause disease epidemics in the later rainy years. . 3. Prevention and control methods: First, there is no good prevention and control method, but there is a significant difference in resistance between varieties, and disease-resistant varieties can be selected. Second, collect sick bodies, burn or deep-buried and implement a 2-3 year rotation. Third, attention should be paid to seed treatment before sowing and seed sowing, soaking with 200-fold formalin solution for 1 hour has bactericidal effect, and also using 50% dichlorotoluene for seed dressing at 0.2% of seed weight. Fourth, strengthen field management, ensure that plants grow robustly, and increase resistance to disease. In addition, corn borer should be prevented and treated in time, because corn borer is the infestation medium of P. solani. Fifth, keep it ventilated, dry, and cool during storage. (4) Bacterial wilt Bacterial wilt occurs mainly at the end of the filling period and is an devastating and devastating disease, which easily leads to serious production loss. 1. Symptom identification: Corn filling often shows sudden and wilting at the end of the grain filling period. The entire plant leaves are hot and dry and fading; the ear prolapses, and the temporal lobe is dead; the base of the stem is initially immersed in water and gradually becomes light brown. Hollowness often leads to lodging. 2. Factors affecting onset: The cause of bacterial wilt is still controversial because of three different views: First, it is caused by Fusarium; second, it is caused by Pythium; third, it is Pythium and Fusarium complex infection caused. However, the heavy rain from grouting to milky maturity has an important impact on the occurrence of diseases. High water content in the soil is an important condition for the occurrence of bacterial wilt. 3. Control methods: There are no effective prevention and control measures at present, but the difference in resistance between varieties is extremely significant, and disease-resistant varieties can be selected. The commonly used disease-resistant varieties in production are: Yuyu No. 4, Liaodan No. 18, Shandan No. 9, Yuyu No. 11 and Yuyu No. 18 and so on. In the cultivation measures should promote the whole seedlings, pay attention to drainage. Second, pest control (A) tigers in the ground also known as silkworm, silkworm, cutworm. There are many types of ground tigers, but small tigers and yellow tigers often occur. 1. Habits: The life of the tiger is divided into four stages: egg, larva, cockroach and adult (moth). Adult body wings dark brown. There are two wavy lines of dark lines and two white clips on the front wings of small tigers. There are two dark brown kidney and ring patterns on the wings, and there is a black triangle on the outside of the kidney pattern. The tiger's front wing has only kidney and loop patterns. The eggs are semicircular, yellow when they are born, and darken later. The surface of the body of the young tiger larvae is covered with small black round particles; however, the surface of the yellow tiger larvae has no significant particles. The difference is in the point of the back of the fifth to seventh quarter of the abdomen. The point on the back of the small tiger is bigger than the side, and it is also slightly engraved on the fourth quarter; while the back of the yellow tiger is the same as the side, the fourth quarter. There is very little on the moment. The ground larvae generally suffer from serious damage to the first generation larvae, and the life and harmful habits of the instar larvae are different. The first and second instar larvae stay up all night and feed on the leaves or young leaves; they hide in the soil during the third day of the day and lose their activity at night. They bite off the tender stems at the base of the seedlings, resulting in lack of seedlings; the drug resistance of the fourth instar larvae is greatly enhanced. Therefore, chemical control should eliminate larvae before the third instar. Adults of the tigers live day and night, with strong phototaxis and chemotaxis, especially for the short-wave black light, and have a strong tendency to ferment and have sweet and sour smells and withered poplar branches. Sex. This is why black light and sweet and sour liquid can trap and kill pests. Ground tigers can occur 2-7 generations from north to south in 1 year. Small tigers use larvae and earthworms for wintering in the soil; yellow tigers use larvae for wintering in the soil of wheat fields, vegetable fields, and weeds. Although two types of ground tigers occurred in multiple generations in one year, they were the most numerous in the first generation and were the most serious. The number of other generations was very small and not significant. Therefore, monitoring and prevention should focus on the first generation. 2. Factors influencing the occurrence of tigers in the ground: Rainy autumn is a sign of the occurrence of two types of tigers. Due to the rainy autumn season, the soil is moist and weeds are breeding. The ground tiger has enough food under suitable temperature conditions and it is suitable for the last breeding before winter, so the overwintering base number is large and becomes the basis for the second year of occurrence. It is rainy in early March-March, and it is raining in April. At this time, when the larvae hatch or are at the age of one or two, it is beneficial to the ground tiger. The first generation larvae may be seriously damaged. On the contrary, more rain and more rainfall during the period from mid-April to early May during the middle and heavy rains caused a large number of second-instar larvae to die. The first-generation larvae may have been lightly damaged. 3, prevention and control methods: the prevention and control of the ground tiger must take measures such as moth trapping, weeding, pharmacy, and artificial control to effectively control the damage. (1) Trapping adult worms: Trapping and killing adult worms is the best strategy for controlling the ground tiger, which can greatly reduce the number of first-generation larvae. The method is to use black light and sweet and sour liquid to kill. (2) Eradication of weeds: Weeds are the main sites for adult oviposition, and they are also important ways for larvae to transfer to corn seedlings. Completely eliminate weeds before corn emerges, and remove them from the fields for feed or manure, and throw them away. Eradication of weeds will effectively reduce the population of insect populations. (3) Chemical control: Chemical control is still an important measure to eliminate the ground tiger. When sowing can be used for seed dressing, after the emergence of a fixed-point investigation, the average 0.5 insects per square meter for the appropriate period. Seed Dressing: Seed dressing with carbofuran seed dressing, dressing at 1% corn seed weight. Also available is 50% phoxim emulsion 0.5 kg plus 30-50 liters 350-500 kg of seeds. Toxic soil: Use 3% carbofuran granules in an amount of 1.5 kg per 666.7 square meters, or 50% methamidophos emulsion in 0.5 kg per 666.7 square meters, and add 40 kg of fine soil to mix and apply. The bait rust killing: The bait trapping effect is better for larvae older than 4 instar. 0.5 kg of 90% trichlorfon is opened with hot water, add about 5 liters of clear water, spray on sauteed oil dregs (it can also be replaced with cottonseed skin). Forty-six kilograms of poisonous baits per 666.7 square meters were distributed in the evening. (4) Tung leaf trapping: 60-80 Tung tree leaves are placed every 666.7 square meters in the evening, and the old leaves are better than the young leaves. In the early morning, the larvae of the ground tiger can be induced to the 1-6 instars. Tung tree leaves can also be used directly to kill the ground tiger with trichlorfon 150 times. Or insert the Tung branch into 300-400 times of monocrotophos solution and place it in the sun for 8-10 hours to inhale the mesophyll cells into higher concentrations of pesticides, and then take the leaves into the field in the evening. (b) Corn sorghum, corn and corn borer, also known as corn borer, is a worldwide corn pest. Corn borer is a polyphagous pest with up to 200 host plants, but the main crops are corn, sorghum, and millet. 1. Symptom identification: Corn borer larvae are borers, and the typical symptom is that after the heart leaves are pierced, the unfolded corn leaves appear neat rows of small holes. After the tassels are withdrawn, the corn borer larvae injure male flowers, often causing the male flower base to break. After the emergence of this ear, the larvae transfer the female ear to take the filaments and tender tenderloin leaves, and enter the cob or eat the young seeds. Another part of the larvae from the stem and leaf sheath into the stem, feeding pith, so that the stem easily blown by the wind. The grains of the affected plants are not full, with premature aging of blue-green, and some spikes even without grains, resulting in serious reduction of yield. The life of corn borer is also divided into four stages: adult (moth), egg, larvae, and pupa. The adult corn borer is smaller than the ground tiger. Female adult cephalothorax is light brown on the back, ventral and foot white, yellowish-brown forebrain, with 3 dark wavy lines; abdomen and hind wings yellow-white, with dark curved lines in the middle and proximal part of the hind wings. The head of the male head is milky white, with reddish-brown or dark yellow-brown wings; the hind wings are light brown with 2 bands. On the surface of eggs, there are polygonal reticular patterns of different sizes, which are milky at the time of first production, and turn pale yellow or light green afterwards. They are dark brown before hatching, and they produce irregularly shaped egg masses, each of which has 15-60 eggs. Scale arrangement of fish. The larvae have a white cloud with a pink, grayish-brown or gray-brown back, brown head, and dark spots. Brownish brown, slightly ridged at the back of the cell, phlegm in the host stem, with a thin beak. 2, living habits: corn quail because of different climatic conditions, 1 year can occur 1-6 generations. As winter larvae in the corn stalks and corn cobs, some of the larvae overwinter in the weed stems. Due to the large differences in temperature and humidity in various overwintering sites, the overwintering larvae are affected by eclosion, resulting in an extremely irregular occurrence period. At the same time, because of the damage of corn borers on different hosts, the nutritional value of these hosts also influences the irregularities in their growth and development, resulting in the overlapping of modern generations. Adults usually emerge at night, and they lay eggs on the second day after emergence. Adults are lurking and daytime activities occur. Oviposition of corn borers has the highest number of eggs on the height and location of the West plant. Plants over 50 cm in diameter must produce the most eggs. Most of the spawning sites cause midribs in front of the corn leaves. After hatching, the larvae still gather in their original place and eat egg shells. Scattered and dispersed after one hour, part of the drooping drooping, wind drifted to neighboring plants. The larvae hatched from one egg mass are scattered to many plants in this way, resulting in a more concentrated phenomenon of the affected plants. 3. Insect pest occurrence factors: (1) Insect population base: The number of previous generation insect population bases is an important factor affecting the severity of corn borer. The population of insects is large, and in severe environmental conditions, they often cause serious damage. (2) Temperature and Humidity: Corn borer is suitable for growth and development under high temperature and high humidity conditions. The optimum temperature for each species of growth and development is 16-30°C and a relative humidity of 60% or more. Corn borer occurs mainly from June to September, and the temperature is suitable. Therefore, the amount of corn borer changes depends on humidity and rain. (3) Maize varieties: Different varieties of corn, the damage is very different. There is an anti-mite material in the corn tissue. Adult eggs are produced on corn varieties with high Dbu content and the mortality rate of hatched larvae is high. In addition, due to the different tissue morphology of the corn, it is possible to avoid adult spawning and reduce the damage. For example, if the hair on the stem is long and dense, then the damage is very light. Therefore, different corn varieties, corn borer population and corn damage are not the same. (4) Natural Enemies: There are many types of natural enemies of corn borer, but Trichogramma is the most effective inhibitor of corn borer. Trichogramma parasitizes in the eggs of corn mash, making the eggs unable to hatch normally, or hatching larvae can not grow normally, which can play a decisive role in driving down the aphids. 4. Control methods: (1) Prevention and control during wintering period: The vast majority of corn borer larvae live in winter in corn stalks and cobs. Before the end of April, the corn stalks and cobs should be burned as fuel, or be used for feed processing and crushing. And should clear the wintering hosts such as xanthium and weeds, this is the basic measure to eliminate the corn borer. (2) Prevention and treatment at the heart and leaf stage: In the late stage of the heart leaf, the mosaic rate of corn foraging should reach 10%, or when the earring rate of summer and autumn corn reaches 5%, it should be controlled. Control methods can be granules and liquid perfusion. Use 50% 1605 emulsion or 50% methamidophos emulsion 0.5 kg to mix 40 kg of fine sand (or cinder); also use 3% carbofuran granules every 26.7 kg of 666.7 square meters to 5 times fine sand, made into poison sand, sprinkle with Heart of corn leaves. The liquid perfusion method can be used 80% dichlorvos milk, diluted into 2500-3000 times, 10-15 ml per corn irrigation, the control effect of up to 85%, while the concurrent treatment of corn thrips can reach up to 96.8%. (3) Prevention at the ear stage: Use 50% of 0.5 kg of dichlorvos emulsion, add 500-600 liters of water, make a small mouth in the head of the female ear, and inject a small amount of liquid. Generally, 1 litre of liquid can be used to irrigate 360 ​​female ears. (4) Biological control: Trichogramma has a very significant role in eliminating corn mash and has low cost. At the beginning of the oviposition period and the end of the boom period, the bees were placed with bees, and 10,000-30,000 bees were laid every 666.7 square meters, and 2-4 bees were placed. Use a corn leaf to roll up the egg card. It is advisable to keep the egg card 1 meter away from the ground. In addition available microbial pesticides Bacillus, 7216, Beauveria bassiana. There are two kinds of application methods: one is the filling of the leaves, and the filling of the leaves is done by using 1 g of the powder of bacteria with more than 10 billion spores per kilogram and adding 1000-2000 liters of water. The other way is to formulate the bacteria soil or granules. The bacteria soil usually uses 1 kg of acaricidal bacillus plus fine earth or gray protection 100-3000 grams. The granules are generally formulated to be approximately 20 times (1 kg white fungus powder and 20 kg slag granules are mixed and prepared), and 2 g per plant is applied. (5) Selection of insect-resistant varieties: such as Sidan 8, Huangmo and Danyu 13. (C) Mythimna separata is a devastating devastating pest commonly known as cockroaches, armyworms, robbery, and razor-section worms. 1. Symptom identification: Mythimna separata larvae feed on the surface of plants. One or two instar larvae are mostly hidden in the heart or leaf sheaths of the crops and eat it day and night, but the food intake is very small, and the epidermis is eaten by the leaves, resulting in a translucent stripe. The 5-6th instar larvae were gluttonous stages, encroaching on leaves and feeding on the rachis. Mythimna separata is a pest of the Noctuidae family, and it is divided into four stages throughout her life: adults, eggs, larvae, and pupae. The adults' wings are yellowish-brown in color, slightly grayish, and covered with dark brown dots. There are two yellowish round spots near the central front edge. There is a round spot on the outside and a small white point and two black spots on the bottom. From the top There is a dark slash at 1/3 from the corner to the trailing edge. There are 7 black spots at the outer edge; the ends of the hind wings are gray-brown and the base is pale. Eggs are head-shaped, with irregular longitudinal ridges, only to the middle. The larvae have a reddish-brown head, with dark striated lines and black octagons; body shapes vary widely, often with dark brown, reddish-brown and white vertical lines. The backs of the first to fourth quarters of the abdomen are scattered with small, shallow dots. On the back of the fifth to seventh quarters, there is a black horseshoe-shaped glyph near the front edge. There are several rows of relatively small engraved points in front of the abdomen. 2. Habits: The armyworm has no diapause, and it can be continuously bred as long as the conditions are appropriate. The number of generations and the period of occurrence vary from region to region and climate from south to north, with 2-8 generations in one year. Adults crouch, feeding, mating, and spawning at night. Adults feed on the nectar of various plants. They also smoke grasshoppers, honeybees of honeybees, and fruit juices. There is a tendency for sugar, wine, and vinegar. Hi spawns at the tip of the dry seedlings and has the characteristics of migration. The larvae have a pseudo dead nature, and the resistance to pesticides increases with the age of the worm. The climatic conditions have a great influence on the occurrence of armyworm. In particular, the effects of temperature, humidity, and wind, sticky to the early temperature and humidity requirements are more stringent, adult oviposition temperature is 15-30 °C, higher than 30 °C or less than 15 °C, the number of adults lay eggs or reduce spawning. The wind is also an important factor affecting the number of armyworms. Insects that move in the event of wind and rain forced them to land, and the local armyworm is seriously affected. However, natural enemies also have a great inhibitory effect on the occurrence of armyworm. The main natural enemies of sticky insects include parasitic flies, parasitoids, nematodes, ants, walkers, spider mites, flower spiders, and some fungi. 3, control methods: control of armyworm to do moth capture, pick eggs and kill larvae combined. To seize the adult worms before spawning, picking eggs before hatching, killing the larvae before the 3rd instar etc. 3 key links. Those who have the right conditions should do a good job in forecasting and forecasting regional and regional areas. (1) Trapping adults (moths): Adults need to be supplemented with nutrients prior to spawning, and they are easily trapped and killed before being laid eggs. Adult traps are eliminated by trapping methods before spawning. Use cereal straw and sweet and sour liquid to seduce. Sweet and sour liquid mixture; sugar 3 points, 1 bottle of wine, 4 parts of vinegar, 2 bottles of water, mix well. Night trapping. (2) ovulation, egg-picking: Using an adult spawning habit, eliminate the egg mass before hatching. From the beginning of the spawning period to the end of the prosperous period, we placed small cereal straws in the field, and sprinkled the sweet and sour liquid on the cereal straw to trap moths. The effect was very good, and the egg pieces were picked up for eradication. (3) Chemical control: There are 20-30 insects in the corn seedlings and 50-100 insects in the mid-to-late growth period. Can use 2.5% trichlorfon powder, spraying 2-2.5 kg per 666.7 square meters, or 2.5% dipterex 1000-2000 times liquid, 50% 1605, 80% dichlorvos 2000-3000 times spray, the effect is very good . Or use 2.5% deltamethrin EC, 20% quick phase EC 1500-2000 times to control. (d) The red spider corn Star spider belongs to apes, also known as dragons, fire spiders, red sand and so on. 1. Symptom identification: Red spiders usually begin to infest corn after heading. In early years, they begin to infest at 6 leaves of corn. The red spiders sucked the nutrients in the leaves of the crops, resulting in the dense and small yellow-white spots on the damaged leaves. Afterwards, they gradually turned green and yellow, and finally died of dryness. Damaged corn kernels are lean, resulting in reduced yields. The life of spider mites is divided into four stages: pupa, egg, larva, and nymph. The body is oval in shape, red or rusty, and has 4 pairs. Oval spherical, smooth surface, the initial production of eggs without transparency, and later gradually become orange-red, red eyes appear before hatching. When the larva is newly hatched, it is round and has a transparent or yellow body color. After eating, it turns green and has 3 pairs of feet. The larvae become nymphs after being molted into skin. The body shape is elliptical, the body color turns red from orange red, and spots on both sides of the back are obvious. 2. Living habits: Adult spider mites are lurking in the rhizosphere and overwintering. After the rising of temperature in early spring, the spider mites were unearthed and concentrated on some weeds for feeding and breeding. After the emergence of spring corn, they were transferred to nearby corn seedlings by wind and crawling. Red spiders are spotted in the field and spread from the site of the insect source to the corn field. It takes a long time. The growth of red spiders has little to do with temperature, but it is closely related to precipitation. Generally after the heavy rain, the quantity drops, and when there is no rain, the quantity increases. 3, prevention and control methods: (1) eliminate overwintering adults: early spring and autumn irrigation, you can eliminate a large number of winter spider mites. (2) Chemical control: Use a mixture of 40% dimethoate emulsion and 20% dicofol (1:1) 1000-1500 times, the effect is very good. (3) Use of natural enemies: The natural enemies of corn spider mites are deep-spotted ladybugs, food horses, and grasshoppers.
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