The application of autumn fertilizer is very important for the growth of fruit trees. However, under the goal of “Zero Growth Action Plan for Zero Fertilizer Use by 2020â€, how to use the least fertilizer to give fruit trees to the autumn is a major difficulty for many growers. According to the prominent problems in the fertilization of fruit farmers, it is proposed that the fruit fertilizer reduction of autumn fertilizer should be “five reforms†for your reference.
In the late evening, it is the late autumn application and the early winter application after the early application of the base fertilizer to the late-ripening varieties, and it is applied to the post-harvest and late-maturing varieties of the middle-ripening varieties. Among the early-maturing varieties such as Gala apples and red-fragrant pears, the fruit-bearing trees are well-applied by mechanical shallow furrows, and the young trees and the first-fruit trees are better served by expanding the ditch; red Fuji apples, Laoshan pears, and red Late-maturing varieties such as grapes have the best effect on the application of base fertilizer in September.
It is changed to the partial application of fertilizer in the past to fully fertilize the whole nutrient balance. Long-term excessive application of chemical fertilizers has caused certain damage to the orchard soil, resulting in low soil quality. At this stage, the application of fertilizers on demand is one aspect. More importantly, by rationally utilizing organic resources, replacing some chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers to achieve organic and inorganic phases. Combine, improve the basic ground force, and replace the external fertilizer fertilizer input with the cultivated land internal nutrients.
It is closer to the fact that some fruit farmers have a tendency to be too close to the trunk during the fertilization process, which is considered to be beneficial to the absorption of fruit trees and the improvement of fertilizer utilization. In fact, the horizontal root distribution of the general fruit tree is 2 to 4 times the diameter of the canopy, and 80% of the absorption root is distributed in the vertical projection edge region of the outer branch of the canopy. The reasonable position of apples, pears, winter jujubes and other fruit trees to ditch or dig holes and fertilize should be perpendicular to the outer edge of the canopy, and should not be too close to the trunk.
In recent years, with the improvement of mechanization, some fruit farmers are used to fertilizing fertilizer to the surface, and then use a rotary tiller to spin, saving labor is labor, but it leads to 30% of fertilizer The surface causes waste. Because most fruit trees are deep-rooted plants, the absorption roots in the vertical direction have the characteristics of layer distribution. The concentrated distribution layers of apple trees, pears and other fruit trees are generally 20-80 cm soil layers. The first fruit tree is 5 to 30 cm. The soil layer is a dense root-absorbing area, and the 10~50 cm soil layer in the fruit-bearing period is a dense root-absorbing area. This requires that 80% of the fertilizer must be applied to the dense root area according to different ages.
Reconstruction is a recent year, and the phenomenon of root rot induced by burning roots in fertilizer piles has occurred. The reason is mainly that the fertilizer is accumulated in the fertilization ditch and the local concentration is too high. The correct way is to first apply organic manure at the bottom of the ditch, then backfill the topsoil, then spread the fertilizer evenly into the fertilization point, and mix the fertilizer with the manure and tops with the sputum, and finally cover the subsoil at the outermost layer.
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