, Also known as Cucurbita, is an annual herb of the genus Cucurbitaceae. Zucchini is mainly eaten with tender melon, which is rich in nutrition. It has strong low temperature resistance and can be marketed in advance. The price is high and the economic benefits are considerable. Zucchini contains more vitamin C, glucose and other nutrients, and has the effects of removing annoyance and thirst, moistening lungs and coughing, clearing heat and diuretic, reducing swelling and dispersing. Zucchini has played a significant role in solving the off-season supply of vegetables in winter and spring, and has become one of the main vegetables cultivated in solar greenhouses in winter and spring. Let's take a look at it specifically: Zucchini high-yield cultivation technology in winter and spring.

1. Variety selection

The short-growing, short-vine, low-light-tolerant, low-temperature-resistant, and disease-resistant early-maturing varieties are selected, such as the early-green generation, Atami generation, and small ballet.

2. Seed processing

Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm soup, soak them in warm water at about 20 ° C for 4-6 hours, rub off the seed coat mucus, rinse them with water, and wrap the seeds in wet gauze, at a temperature of 25-30 ° C. Germination under conditions. After 24-36 hours, the seeds are sown when most of the seeds are exposed. The coated seeds are sown after 3-5 hours of sun-seeding without soaking.

3. Site preparation

Select a greenhouse that has not been planted with melons within 3 years, and fumigate and disinfect the soil and space in the greenhouse before planting. Combined with land preparation, 5000 kg of high-quality farm manure and 30 kg of superphosphate were applied per acre, and the rake was thin and flat, and the ridges were ridged according to the large row spacing of 80 cm and the small row spacing of 50 cm. When planting, open a ditch on the ridge, place the seedlings at a distance of 45 cm, and cultivate a small amount of soil. Diammonium phosphate was applied between the plants at a rate of 25 kg per acre, and the soil was planted with water after being mixed with fertile soil. Water should be poured enough. After the water has penetrated, the ridges should be ridged together, and then scraped with a small wooden board against the ridges, and then covered with plastic film. Around 2000 seedlings are planted per acre.

4. Management after colonization

(1) Temperature management. After planting zucchini in winter and spring, the temperature during the day is maintained at 25-30 ° C. After the seedling is slowly reduced, the temperature is appropriately reduced at 20-26 ° C during the day. After the plant sits, the temperature is increased to 25-30 ° C during the day and 15-20 ° C at night. Ventilate when the temperature exceeds 30 ° C, close the shed when it drops below 20 ° C, and lower the grasshopper to keep it warm at around 15 ° C. After spring, the weather is warmer, and the ventilation is timely to cool down at noon.

(2) Fertilizer and water management. After planting until the root melon expands, fertilizer and water should be controlled to avoid repeated watering and cooling. When the root melon grows to about 10 cm, watering is started, and 20-25 kg / mu of compound fertilizer is flushed with the water. The number of watering times and watering amount should be gradually increased in the result period, and 500 kg of rotten human feces, chicken feces, etc. should be applied every mu.

(3) Protect flowers and fruits. Planting zucchini in the greenhouse requires artificial pollination. Pollination must be performed before 11 am. Each male flower can pollinate 3-4 female flowers. When there are no male flowers, 20-30 microliters / liter of 2,4-D or 50 microliters / liter of antitumor can be applied to the female stigma.

(4) Plant adjustment. After the zucchini was planted slowly, the hanging vine was adopted. When the height of the vine was close to the top of the shed, the lower old leaves and diseased leaves were removed for fall. The occurrence of side branches should be removed in time.

5. Harvest

Zucchini in the greenhouse is mainly for harvesting young melon. Under appropriate conditions, it can be harvested 10-12 days after flowering and the weight of a single melon is 250-500 grams.

6. Disease and Pest Control

The main diseases of zucchini are powdery mildew, virus disease and gray mold. Powdery mildew mostly occurs in the middle and late stages of growth. It can be controlled with 400% solution of 40% powder biqing suspension agent or 2000% solution of 25% powder rust Ning, spraying once every 7 days, and spraying 2-3 times. Viral diseases should be based on the control of aphids, planthoppers and other insect pests, using 20% ​​virus A wettable powder 500 times liquid or 25% virus once 500 times liquid plus cytokinin spray. For gray mold, use 50% Sukeling or 50% Prohaine 1000 times solution, spray 2-3 times continuously, different formulas can be used alternately. The main pests of autumn zucchini are aphids, etc., which are controlled with aphid fog or deltamethrin spray.

One. Characteristic

The plant is strong and strong, and has low temperature resistance, which is suitable for early spring protection. The color of this variety is green and delicate, with smooth straight strips, about 22cm in length, 5-6cm thick, long cylindrical, no obvious edges, and excellent commerciality; early maturity, about 1 week earlier than the same type; Dense, strong fruit setting ability, each plant can carry 3-4 melons at the same time, it is not easy to melt melons, continuous melons ability is very strong, the initial yield is significantly higher than other varieties.

two. Nursery

1. Sowing in time to cultivate strong seedlings

The sowing date depends on the planting time. According to the characteristics of the variety and the golden time to market, early spring small stubble stubble is generally raised in mid-January, seedling age is about 35-40 days, planted in late February, and harvested around early April. The May 1st Festival entered the peak period of production. In early spring, zucchini must be protected with roots and seedlings. When seedlings are raised, 6 parts of garden soil and 4 parts of rotten-cured manure are mixed, sieved, sterilized and dewormed, and put into an 8 × 10cm nutrition bowl. Select sunny and warm mornings, pour foot water, place the seeds flat in the center of the nutrition bowl, cover the soil with 1.5cm, and cover with plastic film. Before seedling emergence after sowing, in order to promote the emergence of seedlings as soon as possible, the temperature of the day is 25-30 ° C, and the mulching film is removed when the budding rate is about 70%. When the seedlings emerge and the leaves are concentrated, spray the fungicide once to prevent the disease. If the seedlings are dehydrated, spray water appropriately, or spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution 1-2 times to promote seedling growth and flower bud differentiation. Strengthen the ventilation 5-7 days before planting, lower the temperature to exercise the seedlings. The air temperature during the day is maintained at 15-22 ° C, and the night temperature is maintained at 8-15 ° C. 1-3 days before planting, the night temperature can be reduced to about 8 ° C, so that the seedlings can adapt to the planting environment.

2. Strong seedling standards

The stem is 0.4-0.5 cm thick, the plant height is 15 cm, and the seedling age is 35-40 days. The morphological indicators are 3 leaves and 1 heart or 4 leaves and 1 heart. Viewed from the outside, the morphological characteristics of the strong seedlings are thick leaves, thick green leaves, thick stems, short internodes, many fibrous roots, thick white roots, and no pests.

three. Transplantation

1. Site preparation and fertilization

Zucchini has a relatively developed root system and likes fertile soil. After the crop is harvested before winter, it should be deeply plowed and sown in time. It should be deepened by 40-50cm. Fertilize the land in early spring. Apply 5,000kg of high-quality farm fertilizer and 40-50kg of superphosphate per 667㎡. 50 kg of fertilizer and 20-30 kg of urea. If root-knot nematode disease occurs, use 0.5% Avermectin granules or 2-3 kg of granules of nematodes every 667㎡, and evenly spread the above fertilizers and agents on the ground. It should be turned 40cm deep to break up the soil mass to make the soil and manure fully mixed. Then ridge the whole land, ridge according to the ridge distance of 1.2m, ridge width of 70cm, ridge height of about 15cm, ridge ridge flattened and covered.

2. Construction of a small arch shed 10-15 days in advance to build a shed above the tidy raft to raise the ground temperature. The small arch shed is a simple covering shed mainly composed of bamboo poles and bamboo sheet materials as a support, covered with agricultural film and compacted with soil. Generally, the small arch shed is 4-5m wide (span 3 ridges), the bracket is inserted into the soil about 6cm, the brackets are parallel, one every 1m, the top of the bracket is 1.2-1.5m above the ground, and the 0.06cm polyethylene film is overlaid. The length of the arch shed depends on the plot and cultivated area.

3. Planting Zhenyu No. 10 (high resistance) has a compact plant type, which can be properly densely planted. One row is planted in two rows. The two sides of the planted ridge are shaped as "pins" and the holes are opened at 65-70 cm. During the planting, the seedlings were implanted into the hole and the seedlings were slightly exposed to the ground. The seedlings were irrigated with water and covered with soil after the water percolated so that the seedlings surface and the membrane surface were flat. Because the ground temperature and air temperature are relatively low when planting in early spring, the planting time should be selected on a sunny morning, and you must not water the ditch along with the ditch, otherwise the ground temperature will be lowered, and the plant will slow down and slow down. Wait until the seedlings are released, and then pour water through the ditch once to soak the ridges. Note: Prevent water from flooding the seedlings when watering to avoid soil compaction at the base of the stem.

four. Post-plantation management

Slow seedling stage

5-7 days after planting, the greenhouse should be kept closed without wind, and grass rafters should be covered at night; it should be kept at 25-28 ° C during the day and not lower than 15 ° C at night.

2. After the seedlings are planted, before the fruit is planted

This period is the period of root promotion and seedling control after slow seedlings and before the harvest of root melons. Generally, no watering is used, and mid-cultivation is strengthened to protect the soil and increase the ground temperature. Grow and lay the foundation for high yield. After slow seedling, the temperature during the day is 20-25 ℃, and the night temperature is 10-15 ℃. If the plant grows weak and lacks fertilizer, it can be sprayed with Jianzhibao or other foliar fertilizer to promote the growth of stem vines and lay a good foundation for fruiting. If the melon seedlings show signs of growth, ventilation and water control should be strengthened to control the growth of melon seedlings by cooling and controlling water.

3. Management of the fruit-growing season

It takes about 40 days for the root melon to be harvested until the fourth and fifth melons are harvested. This is the peak period of zucchini fruit. The main point of management is to strengthen fertilizer and water, prevent high temperature, control seedlings and promote melon. When the first melon sits and starts to swell, watering is started. 20 kg of compound fertilizer and 5 kg of urea are applied with watering every 667 square meters, and the watering amount is 1/3 of the height of the ridge. The indoor air volume is small, and watering should not be done frequently. Generally, water is poured once a month. The zucchini entered the fruitful period in late April. The outside temperature has risen and the amount of air released has gradually increased. Dare to amplify the wind. The temperature in the shed is maintained at 25-28 ° C during the day and 15-20 ° C at night. After picking 2-3 times, the plant and melon grow faster, and the watering times become more frequent. Generally, the watering is performed once every 7 days, and the watering amount is 2/3 of the ridge height. Fertilization is performed every other water. Apply 20-30kg of compound fertilizer with water every 667㎡. To control seedlings and promote melon, water should be applied 2 days before each picking. As the plant grows, 6-7 functional leaves remain in the lower part of the melon. The aging leaves that have lost their function are cut off with a knife, leaving 2-3 cm petioles. No insects such as bees pollinate in the shed in early spring. Every day at 7-9 am, use a writing brush to apply the Zucchini King Fruit Solution on both sides of the newly blooming female flower melon.

Fives. Harvest

Harvest in time to ensure the quality of the goods. The root melon is harvested at about 200g to prevent falling seedlings and affect the upper female flower opening and fruit setting. Future melon should be flexibly controlled according to plant growth and market conditions to obtain better economic benefits.

six. Pest Control

Gray mold

Spray with 20% pyrimidine wettable powder 1000 times, and 50% humicidal wettable powder 600 times.

Powdery mildew

Spray and control with 1500 times solution of 30% fluconazole EC, 1500 times solution of 25% propiconazole, or 1500 times solution of 10% difenoconazole wettable powder.

3. Viral disease

Use 20% morpholinium hydrochloride wettable powder 1500 times liquid, or 60% morpholine 铜 • copper acetate 1500 times liquid + 0.0001% hydroxyene adenine 500 times liquid + amino acid liquid fertilizer spray, use 2-3 times in a row, and combine Control of aphids is carried out.

Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. If third party legal rights are involved, please inform this website to deal with them. phone