Greenhouse Loofah-Efficient Stereo Cultivation Technique of Coriander

The high temperature in summer makes it difficult for many greenhouses to grow vegetables and sit idle. In Zhenjiang area, greenhouses are used for planting early in spring. Laman is put on the shelf to form a shading net. In the summer season, anti-season cilantro is planted to form a three-dimensional intercropping model. Generally, 667 m2 produces loofah 3500-4000kg. Coriander 500-750kg, significant economic benefits. The main points of its cultivation technology are summarized as follows.

1Choose Fine Seed

Select early-maturing varieties such as Shanghai loofah, early incense, and Jiangshu No. 2. In the middle and late February, seedlings are grown in greenhouses and small sheds. In early and mid-April, seedlings are planted on the sides of the greenhouse when there are 2-3 true leaves. The vines are put on the shelf to form a canopy, and coriander is planted under the shed. Coriander is selected from heat-resistant, late-growing, and fast-growing varieties, such as Shandong Daye and Beijing Coriander, which are sown in June and can be harvested in about 45 days.

2 cultivation points

2.1 Loofah

â‘  Nursery a. Substrate preparation. Use plug tray seedlings, prepare nutrient substrates in advance, and use fertile vegetable garden soil, peat, manure, charcoal husks, or plant ash that have not been planted for more than 3 years, mix and sterilize each one, and compost and ferment for later use. The method of disinfection of the medicine is to spray 100 times of formalin evenly on the nutrient soil layer, repeatedly mix the nutrient soil and stack it, cover it with a plastic film, seal it for 2-3 days, and spread the medicinal soil for 5-7 days. Allow the medicine to dissipate before use. It can also be sterilized by mixing 100% -150g of 50% carbendazim powder with 50% fomeshuang (or 65% zeolite wettable powder) in 1m3 nutrient soil and used as padding soil and capping soil.

b. Seed germination. Soak seeds with warm water and potassium permanganate. Soak the seeds with water at 50-55 ° C and add 0.1% potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes, then soak the seeds with warm water for 3 hours, keep stirring, and promote germination after washing. The sterilized and soaked seeds are wrapped in wet gauze and germinated under constant temperature at 30 ° C. Germination can occur in 2 to 3 days. Seeds are sown when the bud length is 1.5 cm.

Cover the small arch shed with seedlings in the greenhouse. When sowing, sow the seed bed with enough water, and then spread a layer of sieved and sterilized nutrient soil on the seed bed. After raking, spread a tray, and then seed. After the sowing, cover the fine soil with a thickness of 1cm, cover the mulch to promote germination, and uncover the mulch to arch after emergence without seedling.

c. Seedling management. The germinated seeds will emerge 2 to 3 days after sowing. During the period, pay attention to cover the small arch shed to increase temperature and moisture, and promote slow seedling. From sowing to cotyledon spreading, maintain high temperature and humidity, bed temperature 25-30 ° C, relative air humidity above 80%; from cotyledons to seedlings, keep 25-30 ° C during the day and control the bed temperature at 16 -20 ° C; bed temperature from seedling stage to slow seedling stage is 10-28 ° C; bed temperature from delayed seedling to planting stage is 10-20 ° C. Watering is only needed when the ground is dry or the seedlings wither, and seedlings are started 7 days before planting.

â‘¡ Field management a. Land preparation and planting. Before planting, the greenhouse should be plowed, and 667m2 of 2500kg of organic fertilizer, 30kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, and 50kg of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers are used as base fertilizers. Each side of the planting line was applied with 8kg of high calcium potassium potassium, 10kg of urea, 400g of boron fertilizer, and 10kg of potassium sulfate as the bottom fertilizer. Generally, the width was 3.6m wide and the ditch was 33cm deep. Then, the planting holes were dug out. Put a scoop (about 1kg) of 50% decomposed man's feces and urine, dry it, and loosen it, then put it through sifted coal ash soil or fine soil fertilizer, and then plant it in a single row with a row spacing of 3.5m, a plant spacing of 35cm, and 667m2 476 strains.

b. Water and fertilizer management. Immediately after the planting, pressurized water was added to promote survival. After 5-7 days, the loofah seedlings had survived, that is, the top dressing was carried out for the first time, and 15% of human urinary urine of 667 m2 was applied at about 750 kg. After that, pour 15% -20% light fecal water every 4-5 days to promote the growth of seedlings. In the middle stage of the growth of the loofah, the amount of fertilizer required is gradually increased, especially during the picking of the gourd. Water and fertilizer must be continuously supplied. Generally, 30% to 40% of the manure water is poured over every 7 days. During drought, it is necessary to release water for irrigation. When the water becomes full, the water will be drained immediately. After 2-3 days of irrigation, 40% of human and animal manure water will be applied more than 1000kg every 667m2 to promote the growth of vines and long leaves.

c. Shed and vine. The loofah is airy and light. When the loofah is more than 30cm long, set up a shed in time. Firstly, insert a thick tail bamboo next to each hole seedling as a pillar, and then cross it at a height of 2.3m from the ground. A bamboo pole parallel to the surface, and then a shed strip is placed horizontally on each end of the tail bamboo to form a rectangular three-dimensional space structure. * After that, a small bamboo pole is placed directly every 30cm, and all the crossings are tied with plastic ropes to form a melon shed. After the melon shed is completed, the vine method is used to lead the vine to the shed, that is, the two rows of vines are relatively guided to stretch and guide the shed. Separate melons and vines in the same direction when they are on the shed, and they are not intertwined. The vines are 15cm apart. After that, arrange the vines every few days. Remove tendrils, lateral vines, male flowers, and poorly growing "telephone" young melons and cracks. Melons are used to concentrate nutrients to promote the hypertrophy of melon strips. After mid-May, peel the greenhouse film to allow it to grow naturally.

d. Harvesting. Loofah began to be harvested in mid-to-late May, and was harvested once every 1-2 days.

③ Pest control a. Disease. Luffa seedlings are mainly cataplexy and anthracnose. Spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times liquid or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times liquid at the beginning of the disease, once every 7-10 days, and then spray 2— 3 times. Luffa powdery mildew can be sprayed with 600% solution of 50% Daisen Zinc for control.

b. Insect pests. The ground maggot can be sprayed with 800% solution of 90% trichlorfon crystal; the control of the ground tiger is mainly by manual capture, that is, deep digging at the broken seedling every morning, and you can step on the ground after digging out the ground tiger larva. For prevention and control of melons, pesticides such as kung fu (beta-cyfluthrin) emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed with 600-800 times of vine leaves for prevention and control.

2.2 Coriander

â‘  Prepare the soil for stubble preparation, turn over the ground 20cm, mix the soil and fertilizer, rake the hoe flat, the width of the hoe is 1.0m, and leave 50cm wide between the hoe.

② Seed treatment Seeds should be treated with cold water and low temperature before sowing. There are two commonly used treatment methods. One is to refrigerate the refrigerator. At 5-10 ° C, the seeds are refrigerated in the refrigerator for 7-10 days. The second is unconditional. Vegetable farmers can suspend the seeds in a cool, deep well and refrigerate it for about 10 days with the low temperature in the well, which can also achieve the effect of low temperature germination. Crush the low-temperature treated seeds (it is better to break them into two halves) to promote germination, soak them in clean water for 5 hours, and soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution or 50% methyltobutin 1000 times solution for 5 hours. After rinsing, cover the germination with moist gauze. When 30% of the seeds are white, you can plant. After sowing, cover with straw or shading net.

â‘¢ Field management Coriander cultivated in off-seasons should not only avoid shading and cooling, but also pay attention to frequent water spray to keep the moist surface moist. When the seedlings are about 5cm high, that is, 2-3 true leaves of the seedlings, the seedlings are 1-2 times, and the seedling distance is 3-5cm. * The next time after the seedlings are combined with irrigation for the top dressing, 667m2 urea 6-10kg; seedling height 7-8cm chase the second fertilizer, 667m2 urea 15-20kg. In the later stage of growth, foliar application of 1000-1200 mg / L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution was applied 1-2 times, and spraying was stopped 15 days before harvest.

â‘£ Prevention of pests and diseases 2 to 3 days after emergence, the seedlings are leached with 800% solution of 90% trichlorfon crystals to prevent underground pests; sprayed with 50% anti-wettable wettable powder 2000-3000 times solution can control aphids. Soft rot is more likely to occur at the seedling stage. In the early stages of the disease, spray with 50% senox ammonium 600-800 times or 77% copper hydroxide wettable powder 400-600 times, spray once every 7 days, and spray 3- 4 times.

⑤ Harvest Coriander can be harvested about 45 days after sowing. The harvest time * is selected in the early morning, and the batch method is adopted to harvest in batches. One guarantees quality and the other guarantees output.

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