When is broad bean planted
Generally, the spring broad beans in the north and northwest areas are sown from early March to mid-April; the southern autumn broad bean areas are sown in October, that is, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in mid-October, the middle reaches in late October, South China and Zhejiang in late October, Yunnan Hegui is a three-dimensional agriculture, and the sowing period in different regions ranges from September to October, with the largest planting area in the first and middle of October.
Broad beans are normally sown on October 5-15 at bean-growing areas at an altitude of 1550-1700m; bean-growing areas at an altitude of 1750-1900m are sown from October 10-20; areas at altitudes of 1950-2200m and above are in October Sowing from 15th to 25th.
Broad bean planting method
1. Variety selection
In areas with fertile soils and high levels of fertilization, fertilizer-tolerant and lodging-resistant varieties should be used to maximize production potential; in areas with poor soils and low levels of fertilization, stable product varieties with wide adaptability and barren tolerance should be used. At present, the main varieties in our area are large-grain green beans "2002-40", "2004-44" and "79-6", "735-6-3" and so on.
2. Seed treatment
Broad beans should be seeded before sowing, and sowing for 2-3 days before sowing to increase the germination rate. Before sowing, mix seeds with 10g ammonium molybdate and 50g fufu zinc every 667? First dissolve the ammonium molybdate in warm water, mix well with the seeds, then mix well with anthrax fume, mix now and sow.
3. Sowing time
Sowing at the right time is the basis for achieving full seedlings, strong seedlings and high yields of broad beans. Premature planting and high temperature lead to overgrowth, weak cold resistance, vulnerable to freezing damage, and low temperature hazards at the pod stage; if it is planted too late, the emergence time is low due to low temperature, and the emergence is uneven, and the plant grows vegetatively Poor, few branches, late maturity, so low yields later. According to the climatic characteristics of our area, the fields sown on or about October 10 can generally avoid heavy frost during the flowering and poding stages, so they fall off lightly.
4. Site preparation
A 200-267cm pull wire is used to create trenches, the trenches are 27cm wide and 27cm deep, and the net surface is 173-240cm. The ditch is connected with the ditch. The ditch of the poorly drained field should be dug deep, and the moist surface should not be too wide. After taking the ditch and crushing the soil, hit the pond for on-demand, and then cover the seed with fine manure or fine soil to ensure the emergence of seedlings.
5. Reasonable dense planting
Fields with good fertility conditions can be properly sparsely planted, and fields with poor fertility conditions should be properly densely planted. The field bean density is generally 7000 ～ 8000 plants / 667㎡, the row spacing of plants is 40cm × 40cm, 3500 ～ 4000 ponds are planted every 667㎡, and the planting amount is 8 ～ 10kg; the density of sowing mountain broad bean is 9000 ～ 10000 plants / 667㎡ The row spacing is 40cm × 33cm, 4500 ～ 5000 plants per 667㎡, and the seeding volume of 667㎡ is 10 ～ 12.5kg.
6. Fertilization
On the basis of applying 1000-1500kg of farmhouse fertilizer per 667㎡, applying 30-40kg of calcium per 667㎡ and 5-10kg of potash fertilizer before sowing, mix the two fertilizers and apply them to the middle of the pond, press the bean seeds on both sides of the pond , Separate it from the fertilizer and cover it with fine soil or fine manure after sowing. When there are 3 to 4 leaves of broad bean, use 2 to 3 kg of urea, 10 to 20 kg of common calcium and 5 to 10 kg of potassium fertilizer for every 667 square meters. Mix the three fertilizers and pour water on the roots. The flowering and poding period is the peak period of the life-long fertilizer demand of broad beans. Nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 80% of the total fertilization during the entire growth period, phosphorus accounts for 90%, and potassium accounts for 63%. Generally, 667 square meters of urea is used for 3 to 5 kg, and potassium fertilizer is 5 kg. Apply to the roots. In addition, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or molybdenum fertilizer can be used for foliar spray to increase the weight of 100 seeds.
7. Irrigation and pruning
Broad beans are crops that require more water, have fewer leaves at seedling stage, have lower temperatures, and generally do not irrigate. There must be sufficient water in the flower pod stage, the bud stage and the drum stage, and the timely filling of the flower pod water, bud stage and drum seed water is the basis for ensuring the normal growth of broad beans. When the main stem leaves grow to 3 to 4 stalks, you should choose 1 to 2 sedge leaves at the top of the main stem in time. After the spring, the invalid branches and weak branches are removed.
8. Adhere to chemical weeding and control of pests and diseases
Remove weeds in the field in time to prevent rodent pests and prevent Liriomyza sativae and diseases in a timely manner. Generally, it is controlled twice before the spring and three times after the spring. The medication time is controlled in early December, late January and late February of the following year. Broad bean aphids, root rot, and leaf spot disease are the main diseases and pests that harm broad bean growth and development, and timely control can reduce unnecessary losses.
9. Harvesting
Broad beans eaten as vegetables are selected based on green, tender, full grain, and good taste. If it is too early, the grain is small, too young, and the yield is low; if it is too late, the texture is hard and not suitable for table eating. Only by choosing the best picking period can we achieve better market economic benefits.
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