The density of cherry planting and the density of cherries vary depending on the variety, type, rootstock, soil, fertilizer, moisture conditions and shaping methods. In principle, the planting density of the large crown pruning is small, and vice versa. Generally, the large crown pruning has strong growth potential, provided that there is sufficient fertilizer and water and the management level is high.
The method of planting and the method of planting depend on the topography of the cherry orchard. The plains and beaches should be rectangular, with a row spacing greater than the plant spacing. This planting method has good lighting conditions and inter-row ventilation, which is conducive to growth and results, and the quality of the fruit is also high; the early economic benefits can be improved for a long time before planting; the field operation and pest control are facilitated;
The small plant spacing is beneficial to the full play of the orchard population, and the group's protective effect can enhance the wind resistance. Most of the mountain orchards are planted in equal stilts and terraces. Narrow terraces can be planted in a row, and wide terraces can be planted in multiple rows according to the width of the terraces.
In the sowing period, in the low temperature, drought and windy areas in winter, if the autumn trees are not well protected or the soil is not good, it is easy to drain the water, which will affect the survival rate. It is best to plant in spring. Spring planting is usually carried out after thawing and before germination. In the warm and humid south, autumn planting is better than spring planting. Autumn planting is recommended from the end of October to the beginning of November, before freezing after defoliation.
Before the planting, the improvement of the soil and the improved soil before planting were twice as effective as the original operation, and only half of the effort was required. The hilly land has the advantages of good gas permeability, but its soil layer is thin, the fertilization and water retention capacity is poor, and the soil is poor. The focus of improvement is to thicken the soil layer and improve the water retention capacity of fertilizer and water. The measures taken include: terrace construction, deep gardening, soil improvement and increased application of organic fertilizer. Although the beach has good permeability, the fertilizer and water-saving ability are poor. When improving the soil, if there is a layer of clay under the sand layer, the clay layer must be deep-turned and broken, and then the organic fertilizer and the mixed clay should be applied to improve the fertility retention ability.
Dig the trench and backfill with fertilizer to determine the main varieties and line spacing, and timely digging the trench, it is necessary to trench the soil with high viscosity. In order to prevent the soil from sinking into the trench, it is necessary to complete the trenching and fertilization backfill before or before the planting. Due to soil subsidence, backfilling is easy to plant too deep and seedling growth is poor. When the hole has a diameter and width of 1 m and a depth of 80-100 cm, the topsoil should be separated from the soil. After planting the cave ditch, it should be fertilized and backfilled in time.
Due to the different functions and properties of each layer of soil, the backfill should be treated differently. The ditch bottom soil is mostly poor in weathering and ventilation. Therefore, coarse organic matter such as broken leaves, crop straws, weeds, etc. should be mixed with the original deep soil to improve the deep soil and increase the permeability. The intermediate layer 30-70 cm is the main distribution layer of cherry roots throughout the fruit period. This layer of soil must be mixed with topsoil and high quality organic fertilizer.
0-30cm of soil surface layer is the distribution layer of cherry sapling roots. In order to achieve "fine", a small amount of compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer can be backfilled into the original topsoil, and the remaining subsoil can be dispersed. After surface weathering backfilling, water should be poured in time to make water penetrate and promote the sinking and decomposition of organic fertilizer. Selection and disinfection of planting seedlings. Seedlings with root diameter greater than 5 mm, large roots greater than 6, seedling height 1.2-1.5 m, and good grafting interface were selected. Before planting, soak the seedlings with 3-5 wave of sulphur stone sulphur mixture for 4-12 hours, and rinse the mash slurry for planting.
Planting method, density, time. The sparsely planted flats are 44-55 plants/mu, and the spindle-shaped hills are planted with 66-83 plants/mu. It can be grown in autumn and spring. It is suitable for spring planting in cold and arid regions of high altitude areas in southwest China. Immediately after planting, dry and moisturize with a 40cm membrane tube. In the middle of March in the spring, dig a 30-centimeter hole in the middle of the original cave. The excavated soil is mixed with high quality organic fertilizer and approximately 5 grams of diammonium phosphate.
Place the seedlings in a small hole, the original seal of the seedlings is in line with the ground, and the roots of the seedlings are in line with the ground. Spread the roots and then mix the soil to fill the roots until it is slightly above the ground. In the process of filling, you should follow the fillet and shake the seedlings while working hard. After the foundation is completed, the roots are fully connected to the soil. Build a ridge around the tree hole, straighten the tray, and pour the water in. After water seepage, the tree tray is flattened and the tree hole is covered with a plastic film, which helps to raise the ground temperature, maintain the wetness, promote the growth of the roots, and increase the survival rate of the seedlings.
If the plastic film is not covered, the water should be inspected in time. If you are planting a semi-emergence (planted with buds), do not cut the rootstock after planting. When the buds germinate, the rhizome is cut. When the bud grows to a height of 20 cm, the column ties the new bud on the column to prevent the wind from blowing. At the same time, attention should be paid to eliminating germination and preventing the competition between water and nutrients between germination and grafting to survive. The cherry tree is afraid of water, and the ridge is the best way to plant a flat orchard.
The method is to dig a ditch of one meter deep according to a predetermined row spacing, backfill according to the backfilling requirement, and finally mix the topsoil and the organic fertilizer between the rows to form a ridge. The height of the ridge is 30-40 cm, the width of the ridge is about 40 cm, and the width of the ridge is about 1 meter. According to the planting requirements, cherry trees are planted on the ridge. This will prevent the loss of summer rain and the spread of disease. The cherry trees grown in this way can grow twice as much as the cherry trees planted in the flat, and the growth in the future is better.
The allocation of pollination trees and the self-pollination rate of most cherry varieties are very low. It is necessary to configure the pollination variety. Even if the self-pollination rate is high, the formulation of pollination varieties can increase the seed setting rate, yield and quality. Foreign studies have shown that cross-pollinated varieties have certain selectivity for tree pollination, and some varieties also have the characteristics of one-way cross-pollination.
Therefore, when distributing pollination varieties, the distribution of pollination varieties and main varieties has stronger affinity, and the flowering time is consistent with the main varieties. At the same time, attention should be paid to the high yield, adaptability and commerciality of pollinated varieties. The minimum proportion of pollination trees is not less than 20%-30%. Pollination trees can be arranged in flat orchards, with one row of pollinated varieties per 2-3 rows of main varieties. Hilly terraced orchards can be mixed with major varieties, and one pollination variety can be planted for every three major varieties.
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